Holy war: crusades A series of military expeditions carried out by European Christians against the Muslims from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries

The Crusades | Causes Muslim Seljuk Turks were closing in on the Byzantine Empire. the Eastern Orthodox Christians (Byzantine Empire) asked for help from the Roman Catholic Church (the Pope) around 1093

The Crusades | Causes Pope Urban II agreed to help the Byzantine Emperor by issuing a call for a “holy war.” Pope wanted to provide leadership for a great cause urged Christians to liberate (free) Jerusalem and the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Muslims

The Crusades | Goals VS Reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians Give troublesome knights something productive to do Opportunity for land, wealth, and a new position in society New trade routes VS

The Wars First Crusade 1096-1099

Gallery Walk Rotate around the room to find the causes, results, and relevant pictures of FIVE of the crusades.

First Crusade (1096 – 1099) Cause: expansion of Ottoman’s (Islamic Empire), Pope Urban II call to all Christians, answered by three armies of knights that gathered at Constantinople Result: Crusaders (Knights) will capture a strip of land extending from Edessa in the north to Jerusalem in the south in 1099 and established 4 feudal crusader states ruled by European nobles

Second Crusade – 1144 - 1155 Cause: Muslims counterattack in 1144 wins back Edessa. The loss of Edessa spurred a new battle to win it back from Muslim control. Result: Saladin, Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader will fight off Crusader force and recapture Jerusalem by 1187

Third Crusade – 1187 - 1192 Results: Causes: Phillip goes home after argument over leadership with Richard Frederick drowned Richard led attempt against Saladin truce signed after many battles Jerusalem would stay under Muslim rule granted Western pilgrims access to Christian holy places Causes: Christians (Crusaders) lost Jerusalem Church extend leadership to European Monarchs for help -- Phillip II of France, Frederick I of Prussia and Richard the Lion Heart of England

Fourth Crusade – 1202 - 1204 Causes: Pope not content with 3rd Crusade and still intended to retake Jerusalem Results: a complete failure; Crusaders never made it to fight, knights looted Constantinople instead

The Children's Crusade In 1212, Young children and teenagers from across Europe decided to march to the Holy Land and recapture it. They were little prepared for the trip. When they reached the coast. They were more of a hungry mob. Pope sent most home Others were tricked into boat that sold them into slavery.

Impact of the Crusades Europe: Islamic World: advancements for women, while men were off fighting Expanded trade for Europe a gradual shift to the Atlantic, and Spain and Portugal seeking new trade routes and opening the world up to additional exploration Weakened the power of the Church Strengthened the power of Kings in Europe Islamic World: slowed the advance of Islam prevented the formation of a unified Islamic power Byzantine Empire fell to the Turks Commercial trading shifted from Muslims to Italians in the Mediterranean