Part 1: Overview of Cells, Cell Membrane

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Presentation transcript:

Part 1: Overview of Cells, Cell Membrane Chapter 3: Cells Part 1: Overview of Cells, Cell Membrane

Human cells Basic unit of structure & function 200 different cell types Made of C, O, H, N + trace elements 3 main parts: Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Cell diversity

cell structure

Plasma membrane

Plasma membrane Function: enclose cell contents, control exchange of substances with environment, cell communication Made of: Lipid bilayer Cholesterol Glycolipids Proteins

Fluid mosaic model Proteins float in fluid lipid bilayer

Membrane lipids: Phospholipid: Polar/hydrophilic (water-loving) “head” Nonpolar/hydrophobic (water-fearing) “tail”

Lipid bilayer

Membrane lipids Cholesterol 20% of membrane lipid Stabilize membrane Maintain fluidity

Membrane lipids Glycolipids glycolipid Lipid + sugar attached For cell recognition glycolipid

Membrane proteins integral proteins Integral Proteins Inserted into lipid bilayer Have both hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions Functions: enzymes, transport, receptors (relay messages) integral proteins

Membrane proteins peripheral protein Peripheral Proteins Attached loosely to membrane Functions: support, enzymes, movement, linkage peripheral protein

glycoprotein glycoprotein protein + sugar attached Serves as specific biological marker  cell recognition glycoprotein

Membrane protein functions Transport

Membrane protein functions Receive chemical messages

Membrane protein functions Maintain cell shape

Membrane protein functions Enzyme activity

Membrane protein functions Intercellular joining

Membrane protein functions Cell-cell recognition “ID tags”