Describe the content of this political cartoon. What is the message of the artist about the Articles of Confederation government? What specific images does the artist use to show his view point of the A of C? Do you agree or disagree with the artist? Explain.

Articles of Confederation/Constitution America’s 1st ____________________ Adopted during ___________________________ Central Government to coordinate _______________ Little ___________ to new government Confederation Congress Conduct __________________________ Maintain __________________________ Borrow____________________________ Powers Not Given ______________________________________ What potential problems could the US have if the federal government does NOT have these powers? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

All _____________must ___________ = ___________________ Weaknesses: Congress had _____________________________ No laws passed without ____________________ Changes required __________________________ Strengths: Won _____________________________ Provided for _______________________ New Land Policies: - extend _______________ over __________ – _____________________ - many _______________ made claims on _______________________ How did the A of C provide for future new western states?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Is it fair for some states to claim lands beyond their borders while others can’t? Explain. __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Adding New Territories: - T Adding New Territories: - T. Jefferson 1784 – _______________________; # of people = _________________________ = apply for ___________________ - Ordinance of 1785 – __________________________________________ - townships = ______________________________ - 36 sections = __________________ - sell @ around _________________ - Northwest Ordinance 1787: - create single _____________________________ - divide into _______________________________ - population = _____________________________ - each new state “=“ ________________________ - ________________ protecting _____________ of ______________ - attempt to stop ________________________________ What’s the major difference between the 2 plans to expand western lands? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why is it a problem that the gov’t can print money but can’t tax? _____________________________________________________________________________________ Money Problems: - by 1781 Revolutionary War $ ____________________ - Congress can’t _____________________ - Congress & States ______________________ - no gold/silver to back $ = ___________________ - prices ________________ - Revolutionary War Debt = borrowed $ from ____________, ___________– owe soldiers salaries Foreign Relations: - Britain: - Treaty of Paris 1783: British _________________________River – they did not - trade policy: __________________________________________ Ex. West Indies - Spain: - wanted to stop __________________– close ________________ in 1784 Why are the British trying to control US trade?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why was Spain afraid of the US? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Convention and Compromise: - Economic Depression: - post Revolutionary War = ____________________; ____________down - Problems for Farmers: - ____________________________ (Rev. War debt) - state seize _____________ – farmers to _____________ - Shay’s Rebellion: 1786 Daniel Shays (Massachusetts) - ___________________________________________________ - 1787 plan to take_______________ in _________________, Massachusetts (federal arsenal) - state ______________________________ - results = _____________ – could ______ control _____________ _________________? How does Shay’s Rebellion affect the US? ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Issue of Slavery: - contradiction = _____________________ vs Issue of Slavery: - contradiction = _____________________ vs. _______________________ - ban on slavery: - 1776-1786: eleven states _______________ importing slaves - legal in northern states – many worked to end - 1775: Quakers (Pa) = _________________________ - 1780: Pa. law grants _________________________ - 1783: Mass. = _____________ under state constitution - 1787: _______________ (Phila.) = help slaves make way in society - southern states _____________________ - fear _______________ not survive (plantation system) - some slaves were freed after Rev. War - Nation Divided: 1787 time to plan new gov’t = ________________ - North abolish – questions _______________________ - nation ___________ at a time when Articles needed ________________

Constitutional Convention (May 1787) - Delegates (55) - well-educated ________________, ________________ - ______________, _________, ____________________ not represented - __________________ – presiding officer (president) - _______________________ - Virginia Plan: - Edmund Randolph – ________________ gov’t (based on J. Madison) - 2-house legislature: lower house – _______________; upper house ______________________________________ - chief ______________ (chosen by _________________) - _____________________ - problems: _____________ of some states (Va) greater than _______ (NJ) Identify one positive and one negative of the Virginia Plan. ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

- New Jersey Plan: - William Paterson (NJ) plan to _______________________________ - one house ______________ w/_____________________________ - expand Congress power = ___________________ - Compromise: - _____________________ + _______________ = ___________________ - Debate: - ______________ - ________________________ - enslaved Africans = _______________? - Great Compromise: - Roger Sherman: (Connecticut) - 2 ________________________ - lower house (HOR) # of seats = ___________________ - upper house (SEN) each state = ___________________ What do you think is the key factor in this compromise? Why? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

- Three fifths Compromise: (______________________) - slaves legally considered _________________ (not as pop.) - neither N or S give _______________________ - count as __________________________ (every 5 slaves = 3 people) - Slave Trade: compromise = ____________________________________ *Constitution approved __________________ – sent to states for consideration New Plan of Gov’t: - Roots of Constitution - British system = _________________ - monarch vs. Parliament = _____________________ - English Bill of Rights (1689) – __________________________ - Enlightenment: - movement of 1700s = ________________________________________ (John Locke) - all people have natural right to _________, ____________, ___________ Would you have voted for or against this Constitution? Explain._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

- contract between ___________ (Americans) and ____________ (gov’t) - protect natural rights – limit gov’t power - ____________________ powers of gov’t (Montesquieu) - clearly _____________________________ Federal System: - ____________________ = _____________________ - __________ powers = ________ (states w/I borders); ___________; __________ - Supreme law = _______________________________ Organization of Gov’t: (3 Branches) - _______________ Branch: (Article I) - Congress: -________________________ – representation = ___________________ - Senate – ___________________________________________ - Powers: collect ___________, coin ___, regulate _______, declare _____, “_________________________” laws according to ______________________. Why is representation set up in different in each house?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

- ________________ Branch: (Article II) - President – _________________ - commander-in-chief of ________________ - handle ________________________ - _______________ (indirect election): electors = ______________ + ______________________ - __________________ Branch: (Article III) - ___________________ + any ______________ set by _____________ - Sp. Ct. (federal) cases involving _______________ and ______________ Checks and Balances: - divide power: _____________________________________ - draw back = ______________________________________ Why is this a drawback? Explain. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ratifying the Constitution: - Constitutional Debate: - _____________________ = supporters of __________________ - more organized – support of __________________, ___________ - ________________________________ - feared ______________________________________ - _____________________ = opposed ___________________ - new Const. take away liberties - create ______________ gov’t ignore _____________________ - favor __________________ over ____________________ - local gov’t trusted to ____________________________ - feared ___________________ more than ______________ - Bill of Rights: ________________________________________ Adopting Constitution: __________________________________________

Compare the AofC and the US Constitution – complete the diagram below identifying the similarities and differences between these 2 constitutions. Articles of Confederation US Constitution Similarities