Parts and Functions of Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 7

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Nucleus Contains DNA Controls the cell’s activities. Composed of three parts: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin Plant, Animal cell

Nucleolus produces rRNA-used to make ribosomes Plant, Animal cell

Ribosome Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made) Plant, animal cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Network of membrane transport channels Smooth ER (SER) - Synthesis of lipids and steroids - Detoxifies cell Rough ER (RER) - Synthesis and processing of proteins to be exported Plant, animal cell

Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins, lipids, enzymes from the ER for storage or secretion. Sends stuff out of the cell in vesicles. Plant, Animal cell

Lysosome Breaks down cellular waste, cleans up “junk” in the cell. Plant, animal cell

Mitochondrion Generates energy (ATP) from glucose Plant, animal cell

Cytoplasm The gel-like, liquid substance in the cell (cytosol) Plant, animal cell

Cell Membrane Thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Plant, animal cell

Cytoskeleton Microfilament Microtubule Plant, animal cell Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Long, thin filament that helps in the movement and support of the cell Hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and functions as a “train track” along which organelles move through the cell Plant, animal cell Microtubule

The following are found in ANIMAL cells ONLY

Cilia Flagella Short, hair-like structures that allow cells to move Animals cell Flagella Long, hair-like structures that allow cells to move Animals cell

Centriole It helps organize microtubules during cell division Animal cell ONLY

The following are found in PLANT cells ONLY

Cell Wall Tough, rigid outer covering that provides structure and protection. Plants, algae, and some bacteria

Chloroplast Enables plants to make sugars through photosynthesis Plants only

Leukoplast Stores starch, lipids, proteins Plants cells

Vacuole A sac that stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Largest structure in plant cell Plants, some animals (smaller)

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Endoplasmic reticulum Animal Cells Plant Cells Centrioles Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes *Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Leukoplasts