Genetic Engineering

Karyotype A karyotype is an x-ray picture of the chromosomes. Scientist use this as a tool to study the chromosomes.

The sex chromosome Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell Chromosome pair #23 determines the sex of the human.

Boy or Girl? If chromosome set #23 is….. XX- girl XY- boy Demo

Predicting the sex of the offspring. Mom’s Genotype XX Dad’s Genotype XY Draw the Punnett Square.

Human Karyotype Looking at the picture what is the sex of this offspring? Male (XY)

Mutations Mutations happen when there is a mistake in the DNA Can be harmful or beneficial

Mutations Genetic Disorders Genetic Variation Mutations can cause genetic disorders EX: Down’s Syndrome Mutations can make new traits that help an organism better adapted to their environment

Cloning A clone is genetically identical to its parent Plants can be cloned by cutting Animals: Dolly the Sheep: The first clone of an adult mammal! Pig organs

Genetic Engineering Genes from one organism are inserted into the DNA of another organism. Examples: Bacteria genes put into plants to resist cold or pests Human genes put into cows- they produce human proteins

Gene Therapy Gene therapy: working copies of genes can be inserted to people with certain genetic disorders Ex: Cystic Fibrosis Still experimental

DNA Fingerprinting DNA samples from hair, skin, or blood can be used to identify people Produces patterned band of DNA and used to match suspects of crime

The Human Genome Project Genome: all the DNA in one cell of an organism Humans have about 30,000 genes In 2003 the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome was identified Help treat disease Understand how our bodies work