CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Specifications, measurements and measuring rules

Including goals and various elements, time and cost estimation of construction works, … Design stages General scheme and design criteria, topography, geotechnical information, … Preliminary program (prepared by the owner) General definition of technological solutions, construction processes, … Base program (10%) Technical assistance (15%) (during construction procurement and construction works) Detailed description of technological solutions, constrcution processes, … Prior study (20%) ≤ 50 % Detailed specifications, measurements, calculations, drawing, cost estimations, … Base or preliminar design (20%) % dos honorários das fases de projecto prevista na portaria, para efeitos de planeamento. Existiu em tempo tabela de honorários do projecto, que foi revogada mas continua a ser usada como referência. Execution design (35%)

PROJECT PARTS In current practice, the elements of a project are classified as follows: Written documents; Drawings documents. WRITTEN PARTS Written parts are, as the name implies, the set of all written elements which form an integral part of the project, such as: descriptive and explanatory document; calculation note; measurements of the work to be done (Quantities map); work budget; technical conditions, general and special (Specifications Charges). 

SPECIFICATION CHARGES– TECHNICAL CONDITIONS Technical notes Specifications / Materials list Construction Methods Control systems Quality rules Measuring rules

CODIFICATION

CODIFICATION – WBS, (work breakdown structure) Common basis of classification (design, specifications, measurements, ...); Systematic information, easy expansion at various levels (hierarchical).

Codification of the existing building operations in LNEC tables (from type CI/SFB) System consists of seven chapters (classes) and subchapters (subclasses of the works) 1 – Infrastructurs 2 – Primary elements 2.1 Superstructure 2.2 Exterior walls …. 3 - Secundary Elements 3.1 Frames exterior

CODE: 11028 ; IDentification: IC-7

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES

Measurements and Measurement Rules Measurements (exemplo de mapa tipo de medições ?) : Quantitative determination of the works in a given project. Intended for (construction management prespective): - Preparation of the tender process - Budgeting (determining the total value of the work) - Planning (determining the duration of activities) - Determination of the quantities of resources (LB, MT and EQ) - Preparation of bills of quantities - Control of billing - Volume /quantity control of resources - Economic control of works … Measurement rules: Aim to standardize methods and criteria to be adopted for carrying out the measurements.

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES The measurement is the description and quantitative determination of the construction works and is designed for different purposes related to the management of works, including: Budgeting (determination of the total value of the work); Planning (determination of the duration of activities); Determining the quantities of resources (labour, materials and equipment); Development of measurement records; Billing control; Resource volume control, (material stocks); Economic control of works. Measurements of works in a construction are generally drawn on maps. As medições de um projecto ou de uma obra são a determinação analítica e ordenada das quantidades dos diferentes trabalhos que são a base da determinação dos encargos definidos no projecto ou que integram a obra. A lista ou mapa de medições é a descrição resumida das quantidades dos trabalhos e dos encargos calculados nas medições. O orçamento é o resultado da aplicação dos preços unitários às descrições das quantidades dos trabalhos indicados na lista de medições.

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES To proceed to measurements of works in a construction it is necessary to establish rules for the standardization of methods and criteria to be used to carry out these measurements – Measurement regulations. The establishment of these rules states that: Criteria to be followed when measuring works will be made in the design, in this specification or in the contract. a) The official measurement standards that may be in use; b) The rules set by the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (National Civil Engineering Laboratory); c) The criteria generally used or, in their absence, those agreed between the developer and the contractor.

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES Note that currently there are no official measurement standards, However, the National Civil Engineering Laboratory published a paper entitled "Course on Measurement Rules in Construction“ so it is recommended that the general technical clauses of the tender documents establish the measurement rules to be applied in all works that make up de work construction.

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES Measurement rules can be divided into: General rules; Specific rules. General Rules Unless otherwise noted, calculate the quantities of work will be carried out with the statement of dimensions in the following order: in General: length x width x height or thickness, Regras gerais – de aplicação a todos os trabalhos. Regras específicas – para cada tipo de trabalho.

MEASUREMENTS AND MEASURING RULES It is recommended that measurements are organized in order to facilitate the determintation of the necessary data for preparing the execution of the project and control production, focused on the distribution of works by different local building and calculate the monthly payment and situations cost control. The chapter of measurements and of list of measurements may be arranged according to the nature of works or by building elements. As medições de um projecto ou de uma obra são a determinação analítica e ordenada das quantidades dos diferentes trabalhos que são a base da determinação dos encargos definidos no projecto ou que integram a obra. A lista ou mapa de medições é a descrição resumida das quantidades dos trabalhos e dos encargos calculados nas medições. O orçamento é o resultado da aplicação dos preços unitários às descrições das quantidades dos trabalhos indicados na lista de medições.

MEASUREMENTS AND MEASURING RULES

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES MASONRY The measuring unit is generally m2 when wall thickness  0.35 m and m3 when wall thickness > 0.35 m. (stone wall) Openings  0.50 m2 shall not be deducted. Walls made by two or more masonry panels are measured in m2 for each set of panels. Referencing the walls from the numbers of spaces that they limit. Lengths determined by simple geometric shapes; Heights (walls of the superstructure) - distances indicated in the draft between the rough floors and ceilings or other elements that limit the walls….

MEASUREMENTS and MEASUREMENTS RULES Wall 1 – A = a Wall 2 – B = b Wall 3 – B = c Dimension lines refered to the midle of panels: That way at the intersections of walls is not fully exact, but the errors made are to disregard the case of masonry with standard thicknesses.

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES It should be indicated whether the dimensions are from a external face (briefly c.ext,) or an internal (briefly c.int.). For example the walls 1-A and 2-B, have both faces Ext. and Int. Figure: Masonry measurement of a project in which the indication of quotas is not referenced to the axes:

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES STONEWORK Walls Measurements are carried out so that the elements with the same constructive functions are described with their characteristics, in own sections : - Nature and quality of the stone - Geometrical shapes and dimensions - Visual wall finishes Openings  0.50 m2 shall not be deducted.

- width and thickness of up to 0.20m measurement unit will be “ml”. STONEWORK Spans hoops and Steps Alternate measurements in lines for: Sills, lintels and jambs of Exterior openings Sills, lintels and jambs of Interior openings The elements of constant section and the length being the predominant size criteria are: - width and thickness of up to 0.20m measurement unit will be “ml”. - For a width exceeding up to 0.20m and thickness to 0.20m measurement unit will be “m2” . Shall normally be the case of the plates.

MEASUREMENTS AND MEASURING RULES CARPENTRY General Rules Measurements are carried out so that the elements with the same constructive functions are described in own lines. Measurements including plated fittings may be held jointly or in own lines. Paintings and varnishing may also be included or separate

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES CARPENTRY Doors and Windows The measures will be made in principle separately as the elements of which are in: - exterior walls - interior walls - floors - coverage General rule , the measurement is carried out to drive to all the factors indicating the following characteristics: - constitution - how to open, one or two sheets - dimension - type of ironmongery

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES CARPENTRY Doors and Windows Measurements grids and fixed frames may be held jointly in “m2”. The meter boxs may be in the chapter of the “equipment”. Meter boxes will be measured in meters or unit. Coatings and equipment Footers, crown molding with section indication. The measurement is carried out in “ml”. The measurement of false ceilings will be held in “m2”. Cupboards integrated into walls can be measured in “m2”. Measures will be corresponding to the surface exterior view

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES COATING Coatings of walls, floors and ceilings The coatings measurements will be grouped into subchapters relating to different types of jobs: - Thick plasters (cement mortar, screeds) - Plasters (stucco) - Tiles; mosaics - Cork agglomerates - Suspended Ceiling Systems The measurement is always performed in m2; Measures of coatings are obtained from the effective surfaces dimensions;

MEASUREMENTS and MEASURING RULES Coatings of walls, floors and ceilings Measurements of the surfaces to be coated include respective edges; Openings, intersection of beams and other elements  0.25 m2 shall not be deducted; When the coatings of surfaces are irregular and curved measurements are performed according to the real dimensions.

MEASUREMENTS and MEASUREMENTS RULES