Reconstruction

Republicans and Reconstruction 1870-1877 two black senators and fourteen black congressman will serve in the federal government Many more will serve in state governments- SC had a black majority for a short time Hiram Rhodes Revels Freed slaves could now vote. Who would they vote for? Scalawags and Carpetbaggers Did not support women’s suffrage

“New South” New public school system Corruption- not just in the South Helped lead to the Gilded Age Freed people Substandard housing and poor food, in return for labor Schools and Churches Economy- land Sharecropping and tenant farming Freedman bureau schools Large amounts of land owned by very few- a lot of whites did not own land by 1880 about 7% of souths land was ownded by blacks

Response to Radical Republicans Sharecropping, share-tenancy and tenant farming Perpetuated the system of slavery Debt Peonage Ku Klux Klan Enforcement acts Black Codes

End of Reconstruction Grant’s Administration Corrupt Economic- 1873, bank failed=bad economy=preoccupied Northerners Presidential Election of 1876- Rutherford B. Hayes (R) and Samuel Tilden (D) Tilden won popular vote, but not enough of the electoral college. results were disputed in Oregon, Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina If all contested votes wen to Hayes he would win Compromise of 1877 Hayes would win the election, if the north removed all military from the south officially ending reconstruction

Effect of Reconstruction A legacy of Racism The Economic Dependence of African Americans The Freedman lacked education and political experience White terrorism Loss of Northern interest in Southern reconstruction

The Segregated South “Nadir” of race relations Voting Jim Crow Laws Literacy Tests Poll Taxes Grandfather Clauses Jim Crow Laws Plessy s. Ferguson

Florida and Reconstruction Began growing citrus, and more focus on cattle, timber and tourism. 270,000 people by 1880 19 of 53 members in state legislature were black in 1863 Jonathan C. Gibbs- Florida’s Secretary of State Josiah T Walls- first black Floridian elected to US House of Representatives Southern Democrats regained control in 1877 Debt peonage Turpentine Camps Turpentine camps- would have to pay for their bus ride to the camps and had to work in order to pay for that fare, as well as housing and food