Chapter 11 Lesson 1.2 – Part 1 Substances and Mixtures Ms. Diana and Ms. Amanda

What is matter? Everything in the world is made out of matter. Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. Everything you can see and some things that you cannot see are all made up of matter. Examples: water, trees, air, balloons, books, tv’s

What is matter made of? Matter is made up of atoms. Atoms – small particles that are the building blocks of matter. Atoms are made up of even smaller particles. Atoms can combine with each other in many ways to form different types of matter.

Classifying Matter There are so many different types of atoms. Matter can be divided into 2 main groups: Substances – matter with a composition that is always the same. Mixtures – matter that can vary in composition

What is a substance? Substance – matter with a composition that is always the same. Example: A bar of gold has the same composition of a gold ring because they are both made from GOLD.

What is a Substance? Some substances are made from one kind of atom. Others are made from more than one kind of atom. Element – a substance made of only one kind of atom. All atoms of 1 element are the same. But atoms of 1 element are different from atoms of other elements. Example: Gold is made from gold atoms and they are all the same. But gold atoms are different from silver atoms.

Smallest Part of an Element If you broke an element into its smallest part, you would find an atom. But some atoms are made up of molecules. Molecules – two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds and act as a unit.

Elements on the Periodic Table There are about 115 elements. Each element has its own symbol. Example: Carbon has a symbol of C. Scientists have arranged them in a table called the ‘Periodic Table’.

Compounds Why are there so many types of matter but only 115 elements? Most matter is made of atoms of different types of elements bonded together. Compounds – a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined in a specific combination. Example: Water = H2O

Properties of Compounds Properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements they are made out of. Example: Salt is made from Sodium and Chlorine Na (Sodium) – is a soft metal Cl (Chlorine) – is a poisonous green gas Imagine putting metal and gas on your food??!!

Chemical Formulas All elements have symbols. Compounds have chemical formulas. The chemical formulas include: symbols, numbers and subscripts Example of Chemical Formulas:

Different Combinations of Atoms Sometimes one element can combine to form many different compounds. Example: Nitrogen and Oxygen N2O = Nitrous Oxide = gas used in anesthesia NO2 = Nitrogen Dioxide = brown gas air pollutant N2O3 = Dinitrogen Trioxide = blue liquid