Intro to Cell Biology VOCAB ONLY

cellulose Structural polysaccharide used to make plants sturdy Special kind of nucleotide used by cells to store the energy released from burning glucose. ATP RIBOSE Image by Riedell

Another name for a “living thing” http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/ani-turtle.html Another name for a “living thing” organism The carbohydrate molecule that cells burn to release energy glucose

Another name for a heterotroph consumer A signal to which an organism responds stimulus Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif

Unfolding that happens to a protein in extreme temperatures or pH that causes it to change shape denaturing Organism that can make its own food autotroph

Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain Double stranded nucleic acid molecule containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases found in chromosomes that stores genetic information DNA http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/sugars.html Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain polysaccharide

The subunits made of a nitrogen base, and sugar, and a phosphate group used to make nucleic acids nucleotides Polysaccharide used by animal cells to store glucose for later glycogen http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif

autotroph Process in which offspring are Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer autotroph Process in which offspring are produced by combining genetic material from 2 parents Sexual reproduction

Process in which offspring are produced from the genetic material Organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes; also called a consumer heterotroph Process in which offspring are produced from the genetic material of a single parent Asexual reproduction http://faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links.htm

Place in an atom where electrons orbit Change in an organism over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms evolution Place in an atom where electrons orbit Energy levels

homeostasis The process in which cells change Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment homeostasis The process in which cells change as they grow and develop to become specialized with different functions differentiation http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg

Embryonic cell that has the potential to differentiate into a variety cell types Stem cell Reactant that binds to the active site of an enzyme during a chemical reaction substrate

producer polysaccharide Another name for an autotroph Molecule such as glycogen, starch, or cellulose, made by joining many monosaccharide (sugar) molecules together polysaccharide

5 carbon sugar used to make RNA http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/fig5x27b.jpg 5 carbon sugar used to make RNA ribose Macromolecule made of a polar glycerol phosphate head and non- polar tails used to make cell membranes phospholipid Image by Riedell

metabolism multicellular All the chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes metabolism Organism made of many cells multicellular

hemoglobin Protein that carries oxygen found in red blood cells Kind of chemical reaction used by cells to join molecules together by removing an H and OH to make a water molecule Dehydration synthesis http://www.chemicalconnection.org.uk/chemistry/topics/images/pp3.jpg

glucose The carbohydrate molecule that cells burn to release energy Place on an enzyme where the substrate attaches Active site http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif

glycoprotein Molecule made of a protein with http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm Molecule made of a protein with carbohydrates attached found in cell membranes that helps in cell identification glycoprotein Protein hormone, missing in people with diabetes, that tells cells to store glucose as glycogen insulin

Double stranded nucleic acid molecule containing A, T, C, G nitrogen bases found in chromosomes that stores genetic information DNA http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/sugars.html Macromolecule made by joining MANY sugar molecules together in a chain polysaccharide

photosynthesis unicellular hydrolysis The process plants use to capture energy from the sun and make glucose photosynthesis Organism made of only one cell unicellular Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken apart by the addition of the H and OH from a water molecule hydrolysis

Protein helps speed up chemical reactions in living things enzyme Attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules involving the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the partially negatively charged atoms in another molecule Hydrogen bonds Images from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

protein polar Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, made by joining amino acid subunits protein Molecule with an uneven pattern of electric charges; More + on one side/ more – on the other polar Image from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

deoxyribose ion 5 carbon sugar used to make DNA Image from: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/fig5x27b.jpg 5 carbon sugar used to make DNA deoxyribose An atom that has gained or lost electrons so it has an electric charge ion

hydrophobic Nitrogen bases Describes a non-polar molecule that tries to stay away from water; means “water fearing” hydrophobic One of the components (including adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil) that make up nucleotides Nitrogen bases

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms usually in a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O which is a major source of energy for the human body carbohydrate Describes a polar molecule that mixes easily with water; means “water loving” hydrophilic

Macromolecule made mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes and steroids, which is generally hydrophobic lipid Macromolecule made of nucleotide subunits containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus which stores and transports information in cells and helps in protein synthesis nucleic acid

RNA (ribonucleic acid) Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil RNA (ribonucleic acid) Subunit used to make proteins made up of a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group (-NH2) , and a variable R group Amino acid Image by Riedell

The science of life (study of living things) is called _______________ Polysaccharide used by PLANT cells to store glucose for later starch http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif The science of life (study of living things) is called _______________ biology