John Stuart Mill’s Moral Theory

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Utilitarianism Maximize good.

Advertisements

What is a normative theory?

RECAP – TASK 1 What is utilitarianism? Who is Jeremy Bentham?

Ethics Part II Ethical Egoism and Utilitarianism.

Utilitarianism Guiding Principle 5.

Chapter Seven: Utilitarianism

Teleological Ethics: Morality is determined by the consequences of actions u Hedonism: value (good) is pleasure/happiness l Egoism: my happiness is the.

Consequentialist Ethical Theories Egoism: the good is whatever promotes my long-term interests Hedonism: we should pursue pleasures that are not mixed.

Utilitarianism the Good, the Bad, the Ugly. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism: the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its usefulness.

Consequentialist Ethical Theories u Egoism: the good is whatever promotes my long-term interests u Hedonism: the good is pleasure l Pursue pleasures not.

Ethical Theories: Deontology and Teleology

 Focuses on the consequences that actions or policies have on the well- being ("utility") of all persons directly or indirectly affected by the action.

Utilitarian Approach. Utilitarianism The founder of classical utilitarianism is Jeremy Bentham. According to Bentham human beings always try to avoid.

Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a relative ethical theory It based on the concept of utility Utilitarianism is a teleological/consequentialist theory.

Introduction to Utlilitarianism What do we already know about Utilitarianism? It’s a Consequentialist Theory: focuses on outcomes. It’s a Teleological.

LO: to know about Mill’s approach to Utilitarianism HMK: Can you come up with an ethical situation and outline where Bentham and Mill would disagree on.

Consequentialist Theories of Ethics. Do Consequences make an action right? Many ethicists have argued that we should decide moral right and wrong by looking.

THEORIES OF ETHICS PART 2 OF CHAPTER 12 (ETHICS).

Consequentialism Utilitarianism. John Stuart Mill ( ) Principle of Utility: actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness,

Utilitarianism or Consequentialism Good actions are those that result in good consequences. The moral value of an action is extrinsic to the action itself.

Utilitarianism. English Empiricism Hume held that what is commonly taken as “knowledge” is really a set of reasonable beliefs that are well founded because.

What is Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism Michael Lacewing

Ethics LL.B. STUDIES 2015 LECTURE 2. Part one Mapping ethics.

Ethics A look at the reasons behind decisions about what is right and wrong. What is the right thing to do?

Act and Rule Utilitariansim

A Contemporary Approach to Moral Reasoning and to Human Rights: A Different Approach to Rights ER 11, Gov E 1040 Spring 2012.

Utilitarianism is a kind of consequentialism

A Universal Moral Theory Dennis R. Cooley Department of History North Dakota State University 19 January 2003 Supported by a USDA/CSREES/IFAFS grant, “Consortium.

Utilitarianism is a theory about what we ought to do. It states that we should always choose actions which produce the greatest amount of happiness for.

‘UTILITARIANISM FROM BENTHAM & MILL’ THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Ethics and Morality Theory Part 3 13 September 2006.

LO: I will know about the Hedonic Calculus Hmk: Do some biographical work on John Stuart Mill Starter: Using your homework, what did you find out about.

Utilitarian Theory of Ethics Utilitarian theory is a consequentialist approach to judging moral behavior. Consequentialist hold that –consequences count.

Ethics A look at the reasons behind decisions about what is right and wrong. What is the right thing to do?

Consequentialism (utilitarism). General description 'Consequentialist theories regard the moral value of actions, rules of conduct, and so on, as dependent.

Utilitarianism. Learning Objectives:- (long term) 1. To understand the ‘greatest happiness principle’. 2. To understand the similarities and differences.

Utilitarianism: objections Michael Lacewing

J.S. Mill Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism “The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, utility, or the greatest happiness principle, holds that.

HEDONISM “Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die.”

Introduction to Philosophy Lecture 16 Ethics #2: Utilitarianism By David Kelsey.

Social Ethics Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill. Jeremy Bentham ( ) Born in London, received his B.A. at 15 and his M.A. at 18 Spent early years.

 Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill  Reason not Revelation  Consequentialism – good or bad, right or wrong, are based on outcomes.

On Utilitarianism More People More Happy More Better.

Ethical theories and approaches in Business

Utilitarianism.

The Motivation of Human Beings

Three philosophies and LD Debate

Introduction to Ethics

What is the difference between these two situations?

Biomedical Ethics.

J.S. Mill, Utilitarianism (1863)

Mill and Bentham’s Utilitarianism

On your whiteboard: What is teleology? What is hedonism?

John Stuart Mill What do we know about him already?

Introduction to Philosophy Lecture 15 Ethics #1: Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism.

OBE 117 BUSINESS AND SOCIETY.

John Stuart Mill ( ).

Philosophy 2030 Class #11 4/12/16 Take-home / open book midterm

Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham.

Jeremey Bentham Founder of Utilitarianism Born: 1748

Jeremey Bentham Founder of Utilitarianism Born: 1748

Utilitarianism Utility = net pleasure or happiness

Utilitarianism Consequential, i.e. Utilitarianism – a good moral decision is that which the consequences of the action produces the greatest good for the.

Moral Theories: Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism Morality Depends on the Consequences

On your whiteboard: List the strengths and weaknesses of act utilitarianism.

Utilitarianism – Bentham’s Classic Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism.

Presentation transcript:

John Stuart Mill’s Moral Theory

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) English Member of Parliament Wrote on many subjects

Consequentialist Theory Right or correct behavior is based upon the consequences of the action

The Greatest Happiness Principle Utilitarianism The Greatest Happiness Principle Jeremy Bentham

Cost Benefit Analysis You weight the cost against the benefit for each option You pick the one with the highest benefit and the lowest cost

Greatest amount of happiness For the greatest number of people Act to create the Greatest amount of happiness For the greatest number of people As per a disinterested spectator

Greatest Number of People Everybody that your action will effect

Disinterested Spectator Objectivity Your happiness cannot be more important than anyone else’s

Happiness defined Pleasure Absence of Pain

Hedonism The goal is to experience as much pleasure as possible Usually physical pleasure

Epicureanism The goal is to experience as much pleasure as possible without experiencing any pain Only the best wine, food No hangovers

Different Kinds of Pleasure Quality Quantity Mental and Physical

Quality of Pleasure How many McDonald’s hamburgers equals a Filet Mignon? None because the quality is different! Some pleasures are simply better than others

Quantity of Pleasure Whatever you enjoy, isn’t more of it better?

Point of Diminishing Returns But we reach a point in our pleasure where more is not better but actually painful How many pieces of candy do you like? 5,10,15,? How about a 1,000?

Paradox of Hedonism The more pleasure you derive from something, the more you need of it next time to receive the same amount of pleasure Drugs and Alcohol

Mental v. Physical Which is Superior? Mental

Why? Based upon empirical evidence Ask those who have experienced both They agree that mental is superior

Why is Mental Superior? 1. Last longer 2. Safer 3. Less Expensive

Act Utilitarianism An action is right if it produces more total happiness than any other alternative action available at the time

Visit Aunt Go to Beach Me -10 +10 My Mom +8 -8 My Dad +6 -6 My Aunt +10 -10 My Friends 0 0 Total +14 -14

Rule Utilitarianism After many acts, we develop a principle that if general followed would create the greatest amount of happiness for all people involved

2. Focuses too exclusively on the future Criticisms 1. Requires too much 2. Focuses too exclusively on the future 3. Can lead to injustice