We thank all our international partners for their great support during this mission! Masaki Fujimoto Deputy Director General, ISAS/JAXA Fujimoto.masaki@jaxa.jp

add ion engine optical nav for Friday also crater impact

Hayabusa2 Spacecraft MASCOT take Monday RCS thrusters (reaction control system) Ion engine Optical navigation cameras ONC-T, ONC-W1 take Monday Re-entry capsule Sampler horn MASCOT MINERVA-II Small carry-on impactor (SCI)

Hayabusa2 launch December 3, 2014 (JAXA)

Earth Swing-by December 3, 2015 monday (just animation) ONC team: JAXA, The University of Tokyo, Chiba Institute of Technology, Rikkyo University, Meiji University, Nagoya University, The University of Aizu, and Kochi University, AIST.

Ion engine operation Summary of forward cruise ion engine operation Period Name # thrusters (m/s) Time (h) Initial check IES operaitons test - 2015.03.03 - 21 IES Powered Navigation 1 2 44 409 2015.05.12- 13 IES max. thrust test 3 4 24 2015.06.02 - 06 IES Powered Navigation 2 11 102 2015.09.01 - 02 IES Powered Navigation 3 1.3 12 Δ𝑣 Before swing-by (IES: ion engine system) Arrival at Ryugu (Jun - Jul 2018) Phase-1 ion engine operations (2016.03.22 - 05.21, incl, added burns) Hayabusa2 orbit Trajectory of Ryugu Phase-3 ion engine operations (2018.01.10 - 06.03) Earth orbit Launch (2014.12.03) Phase-2 ion engine operations (2016.11.22 - 2017.04.26) Earth swing-by (2015.12.03) Period Name # thrusters (m/s) Time (h) 2016.03.22 ~ 21 Phase 1: ion engine operation 3 (2 at times) 127 798 2016.11.22 ~ 26 Phase 2: ion engine 435 2593 2018.01.11 ~ 06.3 Phase 3: ion engine 2 —> 3 393 2474 After swing-by Δ𝑣

Optical Navigation ZHP [km] ZHP [km] XHP [km] XHP [km] towards Earth -40 XHP [km] ZHP [km] 40 80 120 160 500 1000 1500 2000 XHP [km] ZHP [km] 100 150 200 250 50 -5 -2.5 2.5 5 6/18 TCM05 6/20 TCM06 6/22 TCM07 6/24 TCM08 6/26 TCM09 6/27 Arrival manoeuver 6/8 TCM01 Approach corridor (Direction of approach while keeping asteroid in view of the camera) 6/11 TCM02 6/14 TCM03 6/16 TCM06 Enlarged view The zigzag path increases stereo vision effect to improve the accuracy of the approach Asteroid sits at origin TCM: Trajectory Control Maneuver

Arrival at Ryugu Note about ion engine operation (time form X to Y 2018) —> then optical navigation

Arrival at Ryugu 20 km distance: “Home Position” just picture and say at 20km. 20 km distance: “Home Position” (JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators)

Shape model of Ryugu Shape model by University of Aizu Shape model by Kobe University  Technique: ”Structure-from-Motion" (SfM). Technique: ”Stereophotoclinometry" (SPC). Also used to create terrain and building shapes from aerial images. Previously used to model the shape of asteroid Itokawa. (University of Aizu, Kobe University (shape model creation), Auburn University (video creation), JAXA) (Kobe University, University of Aizu (shape model creation), Auburn University (video creation), JAXA)

Gravity measurement operation monday ONC-T camera (close-up), ONC-W1 (global), altitude ~1000m. Aug 7, 2018 ~7:57 JST. Freefall from 6000m ~ 851m GM ~ 30m2s-2 (1/8000th Earth at equator) (JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators)

Surface features High boulder coverage (Green marks identified boulders between 8m to more than 10m) Largest near south pole ~ 130m across. (JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators)

Landing site selection Monday and Prior to this, show one of rough surface (e.g. boulders marked) (JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators) NASA & ESA support for data transmission via Ka band enabled the prompt data analysis necessary for timely landing site selection.

MINERVA-II1 deployment Monday (JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators)

Highest resolution image of Ryugu to date. Optical Navigation Camera - Telescopic (ONC-T) During MINERVA- II1 deployment, altitude ~64m Monday (no text) September 21, 2018 at around 13:04 JST. (JAXA, University of Tokyo and collaborators)

MINERVA-II1 September 23, 2018: immediately before hop of Rover-1B Monday (JAXA)

MINERVA-II1 …. and after landing Monday (JAXA)

MASCOT Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout Three image animation of MASCOT deployment captured by the ONC-W2 October 3, 01:57:54– 01:58:14 UTC Separation time: 01:57:20

Schedule October 2 ~ 4 MASCOT operation: (MASCOT separation: October 3, ~04:00 GMT+2) The latter half of October Touchdown rehearsal: Solar conjunction (Communication disabled) November - December Further detailed planning based on MINERVA-II1, MASCOT & rehearsal data Hard deadline: June 2019 Touchdown : Crater generation operation: March - April Remain near asteroid August - November Departure from asteroid November - December

Towards landing and sampling operation

Imaged during the MASCOT deployment operation, from 1.9km altitude, The spot that is most suitable for landing identified: What needs to be done is to improve the navigation accuracy to hit a hole-in-one to this spot Diameter ~20m Imaged during the MASCOT deployment operation, from 1.9km altitude, 20cm/pixel resolution

Rehearsal on 14-16 Oct: - Descent down to 22.3m altitude, with 10.8m navigation accuracy (when projected to the surface) - LRF (Laser Rabge Finder, an instrument necessary at low altitude operations) confirmed to operate 6m Image taken with the ONC-W1 at an altitude of about 47m. Capture time was October 15, 2018 at 22:45 JST. （Image credit：JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University. Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, Aizu University, AIST.)

Rehearsal that just ended: - Descent down to 12m altitude - TM (Target Marker: artificial land mark to be deployed on the surface for precise navigation) deployed successfully from 13m altitude - TM imaged successfully from the hovering position of 20m altitude - TM tracking navigation performance yet to be confirmed TM: 10cm-ish ball covered by retroreflective film. Situating bright points at known locations enables precise relative navigation. Imaged on Oct 25, 2018, 11:47 JST. Hayabusa2 altitude 20m.

Schedule October 2 ~ 4 MASCOT operation: (MASCOT separation: October 3, ~04:00 GMT+2) The latter half of October Touchdown rehearsal: Solar conjunction (Communication disabled) November - December Further detailed planning based on MINERVA-II1, MASCOT & rehearsal data Earliest in Jan. Hard deadline: June Touchdown : Crater generation operation: March - April Remain near asteroid August - November Departure from asteroid November - December

Earth return 2020, landing in Australia Hayabusa, 2010.06.13 Masaki Fujimoto Deputy Director General, ISAS/JAXA Fujimoto.masaki@jaxa.jp