The HAARP Facility Briefing to HAARP/Resonance Meeting University of Maryland, College Park November 8, 2011 Rob Jacobsen Mike McCarrick Helio Zwi Marsh Creek LLC, Washington DC 1

The HAARP Array Specification 180 Element (12x15) Phased Array 360 Nested Crossed Dipoles Low Band Dipole - 2.8 to 8.4 MHz High Band Dipole - 7 MHz to 10 MHz 3.6 MW Radiated from 360 10kW Transmitters Instantaneous Bandwidth 200 kHz (2.8 MHz) 500 kHz (10 MHz) ERP of 84 to 95 dBW Beam width 20ºx16º (2.8 MHz) 5.7ºx4.5º (10 MHz) • Beam can be Slued 30º off Zenith in any Azimuth 2.8 to 8 MHz (decreasing to 15º at 10 MHz) • Rapid Scanning of +/- 15º Around Pointing Direction • FM, AM and Pulse Modulation from DC to 30 kHz • Dual Frequency Operation (Split Array) • Linear, Left or Right Circular Polarization • Transmitter Power Generated on Site 16.25 MVA at 12.5 kV • System Operation from -40º F to + 90º F 2

Antenna Element Components (Marginal permafrost) 69 feet Low-Band Dipole AMU 53 feet High-Band Dipole AMU 43 feet Ground Screen 15 feet 30 feet Thermosyphon Ground (Marginal permafrost) 3

Low Band Balanced AMU & Hybrid Frequency Radiation Efficiency dB 4

High Band Balanced AMU & Hybrid 5

The HAARP Transmitters 2.8 MHz to 10 MHz - Continuous Tuning Dual Independent Outputs - 10 kW Each Side Automatic Antenna Tuning to VSWR < 6:1 Graceful Degradation for VSWR > 6:1 Linear Amplifier 200 kHz Bandwidth (2.8 MHz), 500 kHz (10 MHz) Harmonic and Spurious Output < -80 dBc (in band) < -120 dBc (out of band) < -150 dBc (from 88 to 200 MHz) Modes of Operation - CW, AM, FM, Pulse 6 Dual Units Mounted in each Shelter 6

The HAARP Transmitters and Shelters 1.0 kV-- 0 V-- -1.0 kV- 0 5 10 15 20 25 Microseconds 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1 5:1 6:1 7:1 8:1 9:1 10:1 VSWR POWER (kW) FORWARD POWER DELIVERED POWER 1 dB/ Div 5.5 6.0 6.5 Frequency MHz 7

Typical Data Rates Operations Center Transmitter Array 360 MB/s (sustained) Real-time control system (Power, phase, key, signal source) Shelter RF Modules (Dipole I&Q) ~200 MB/s (burst) < 1kB/s Basic Transmitter Control (Standby, HV, RF, etc.) Individual Transmitters (Transmitter status) ~50kB/s < 1kB/s Environmental Control Shelter ECS ~240kB/sec 8

Facility Power Plant • The Power Plant uses 5 EMD diesel engines, each of which is rated at 3,600 HP. • The total power capability is 16.25 MVA (13MW, Pf 0.8) • To operate the Array at full power requires 4 generators (9.6 MW). • Fuel consumption at full array power will be approximately 565 gal per hour 1.2 MVA of commercial power available for housekeeping function 9

The Eye of HAARP Forward/Reflected Power Dipole Impedance 4.50 MHz 10 dB Forward/Reflected Power Dipole Impedance (as seen by TX) 10

2.7 MHz Magnetic Zenith

5.95 MHz Magnetic Zenith

9.2 MHz Magnetic Zenith

Impedance vs. Scan Angle 4.5 MHz zenith=0°, azimuth=0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° 0°

Impedance vs. Scan Angle 4.5 MHz zenith=30°, azimuth=0° 725° 659° 593° 527° 461° 395° 329° 264° 198° 132° 66° 0°

Impedance vs. Scan Angle 4.5 MHz zenith=60°, azimuth=0° 1255° 1141° 1027° 913° 799° 685° 571° 456° 342° 228° 114° 0°