Tobacco Tobacco

Tobacco Stats 70 million Americans use tobacco including 4 million adolescents Each day 2000 teenagers become smokers and at least one-third of them will die prematurely due to tobacco

Interesting Facts on Smoking About 1 out of every 5 deaths in the US can be attributed to tobacco products. Every eight seconds, someone in the world dies due to tobacco. 1 out of 3 smokers are estimated to eventually die from a tobacco-related disease.

Interesting Facts on Smoking Over 50,000 people a year die from secondhand smoke in the US alone. Cigarettes are still the number one cause of fire-related deaths. In the US, smoking causes about 445 new cases of lung cancer every day.

Interesting Facts on Smoking Cigarettes are the #1 CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE DEATH IN THE U.S., They kill more people each year than Aids, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Car Accidents, Homicides, Suicides, and Fires Combined! Cigarettes are the ONLY product legally sold that kills one in every three of its customers!

Interesting Facts on Smoking Every cigarette you smoke reduces your life expectancy by seven minutes or two hours and twenty minutes for each pack you smoke! Smokers DIE AN AVERAGE OF 14 YEARS EARLIER than non-smokers!

Interesting Facts on Smoking Men who smoke increase the risk of developing impotency by 50% while compounding other risk factors for erectile dysfunction

Interesting Facts on Smoking Currently, about 22 million women aged 18 years and older and at least 1.5 million adolescent girls in the United States smoke cigarettes.

Interesting Facts on Smoking Teenage women are the fastest growing group of new smokers in the U.S. Smoking is much more deadly for women than men. Women’s hormones increase the deadly affects. Women are twice as likely to die from a smoking related disease.

Smoking Women have a tougher time quitting than men. Researchers are trying to find out why. Less than 2% of the millions of women who try quitting each year are successful. • Women who smoke while taking oral contraceptives dramatically increase the risk of complications and health risks including heart attack, blood clots and stroke. • Smoking has a damaging effect on women's reproductive health and is associated with reduced fertility.

Smoking Women who smoke during pregnancy subject themselves and their developing fetus and newborn to special risks, including pregnancy complications, premature birth, low-birth weight infants, stillbirth, and infant mortality One third of all Breast Cancer deaths are caused by smoking because cancer-causing chemicals accumulate in fatty tissue. Smoking women have TRIPLE the rate of heart disease. Smoking women age, wrinkle much faster and look older than nonsmokers

Smoking Second hand smoke is the #1 CAUSE OF SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) • Smoking prevents as much as 25% of oxygen from reaching the placenta. • Smoking is a leading cause of birth defects including mental retardation. • Smoking accounts for 10% of all infant deaths. • Over 30,000 CHILDREN develop ASTHMA each year due to second hand smoke

Bryan Curtis started smoking at 13, never thinking that 20 years later it would kill him and leave a wife and children alone.

Bryan wanted you to know….. On the day of his death, his wife, Bobbie, and son, Bryan, keep a bedside vigil.

Celebrities Who Paid The Ultimate Price For Smoking DYING FOR A CIGARETTE Celebrities Who Paid The Ultimate Price For Smoking Desi Arnaz Lung Cancer Lucille Ball Lung Cancer & Emphysema Peter Jennings Lung Cancer Earl Woods (Father of Tiger Woods) Lung Cancer

Dana Reeve Wife of Christopher Reeve Lung Cancer caused by Secondhand smoke. With family friend Robin Williams Frank Sinatra Heart Attack & Lung Cancer He was buried With a pack of Camel cigarettes & a bottle of Jack Daniels in his casket Duke Ellington Lung Cancer

Why People Use Tobacco Nicotine Addiction Loss of Control Modulator of everyday emotions Loss of Control 3 of 4 smokers find they cannot quit Makes it more difficult for smokeless users See Box: “Nicotine Dependence: Are You Hooked?” See Box: Assess Yourself See Box: “Tobacco Use and Religion: Global Views”

Why People Use Tobacco Build up of Tolerance Same effects build up over time, needing more cigarette to maintain the same original effects, which create dependence Social and Psychological Factors Habits are formed via ‘secondary reinforcers’ triggers which keep the user dependent upon tobacco

The Source of Physiologically Active Compounds Particulate phase (small particle compounds) Nicotine, Water Tar (phenol, cresol, benzo pyrene, DDT) Contains 43 chemicals linked to cancer Gaseous phase (gas compounds) carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, isopyrene, acetone, arsenic Many of these chemicals are considered carcinogens

What’s what? Clove cigarettes – 40% ground cloves (the spice) & 60% tobacco; contain higher levels of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide Cigars – 23 poisons & 43 carcinogens; double the risk of heart attack & stroke Bidis – handrolled flavored “joints”; 3xs more carbon monoxide & nicotine and 5xs more tar than cigarettes

Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and the Following Conditions Cardiovascular Disease and Carbon Monoxide Impairment of oxygen transport Cardiovascular Disease and Nicotine Myocardial infarction risk Sudden cardiac death risk Development of Angina Pectoralis Increase of Platelet Adhesiveness

Cancers Lung Mouth Throat Pancreatic Kidney & Bladder Photo of squamous cell carcinoma * Evidence suggests that after one year without smoking, the risk of lung cancer decreases substantially

What are COLD’s? Chronic Bronchitis Pulmonary Emphysema inflammation/infection of air passageways Pulmonary Emphysema destruction of the alveoli Cilia destruction hair-like projections which assist mucus movement See Figure 11-3 on other Respiratory Damage caused by smoking Chronic Obstructive Lung Disorders

Selected Health Concerns from Cigarette Smoking Male Infertility Depression Neurological disorders Endocrine system problems GI tract diseases Immune system Oral Health Complications in OB/GYN Lung disease Cancer risk Heart disease Peripheral Vascular disease Skin changes Orthopedic problems Rheumatologic problems See Box: “Gender and Tobacco Use”

85% of the smoke in a room comes from side-stream smoke Second-hand Smoke Mainstream smoke exhaled by smoker Side-stream smoke from the burning product Environmental smoke diluted smoke in the air 85% of the smoke in a room comes from side-stream smoke

Environmental (ETS) Effects Up to 70% of nonsmokers subjected to Environmental Smoke develop some form of irritation or health ailment Environmental smoke causes 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually 60,000 deaths from heart disease are associated with ETS Infants are 23 times more likely to die from SIDS when exposed to ETS Children and infants becomes vulnerable to respiratory disorders and reduced lung function

Smoking and Pregnancy Infertility Problem pregnancies Low birth weight Premature labor/delivery Miscarriage risk doubles

Benefits of Quitting Taste returns back to normal The concept of “smell” improves Breathing becomes easier Decrease risk of heart and lung disease More energy and alertness Financial savings See Table 11-2 on immediate health benefits of quitting

The Cost of Smoking Avg. cost of a pack of cigarettes = $4.32 Pack-a-day smoker = $30.24 per week $1,600 per year A 40 yr. old who quits smoking & puts the savings into a 401(k) earning 9% a year would have an extra $250,000 by age 70!!! Smokers pay higher insurance

The Cost of Smoking Lose money on resale of automobiles and homes Spend extra on dry cleaning and teeth cleaning Lose jobs or face discrimination Cost the economy $94 billion in lost productivity $89 billion spent on public and private health care combined

Options for Quitting Strategies involving the benefits of behavioral and pharmacological interventions: “Cold Turkey” method Medication – new treatment “Chantix” Non-tobacco sources of nicotine products (e.g. suckers, gums, straws, sprays, drops) Smoking cessation programs Support groups Regular exercise program See Box: Critical Consumer See Box: “Smoking Cessation Products”

The Truth About Smokeless Tobacco This is a picture of an 18 year old boy before and after he had most of the inside of his face and neck removed in an attempt to rid him of cancerous growths. He had been using snuff for only 6 years.The operations weren't successful; the cancer killed him. See Figure 11-4 on the use of Clove Cigarettes and Bidis

The “skinny” on spitting An average dip or chew for 30 min. = as much nicotine as 4 cigarettes Smokeless tobacco contains 10xs the amount of carcinogens found in cigarettes Users of smokeless tobacco are 50xs more likely to develop oral cancers than nonusers

The price of dipping… Need we say more????

Website Resources for Tobacco www.livehealthygeorgia.org www.cancer.org www.lungusa.org www.cdc.gov/tobacco www.quitnet.com www.smokefree.gov www.cancer.gov www.who.int/tobacco/en