The Categorical Imperative

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Presentation transcript:

The Categorical Imperative Immanuel Kant The Categorical Imperative

Immanuel Kant 1724-1804

Kantian Ethics: The Basics

Kantian Ethics: The Basics Kant’s approach is Deontological. This means that for Kant, the right or wrongness of the action is in the action itself, and not in its consequences. Kant is a rationalist. He believes that reason is the means by which we can analyse the world. Kant sets out his ideas in his book “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals”, and discusses it further in his “Critique of Practical Reason”

Duty The only thing, Kant says, which is good in and of itself is what he calls a Good Will. The Good Will is a sense of duty we have to do the right thing. He believed that “all rational beings” have the duty to behave morally.

Categorical and Hypothetical Kant says that morality is a “categorical imperitive” He contrasts this with it being “hypothetical imperitive”

Categorical/Hypothetical Hypothetical: IF I want to lose weight, I must stop eating cream cakes. Categorical: I must not tell lies

Categorical: I must not tell lies The Difference? Hypothetical: IF I want to lose weight, I must stop eating cream cakes. Categorical: I must not tell lies A hypothetical imperative is, according to Kant, something that I must do if I want a certain thing to happen. A categorical imperative is, according to Kant, something that I must always obey.

Kantian Ethics: Are founded on the categorical imperative. His morals are based on a sense of duty.

The Categorical Imperitive

The Categorical Imperative There are three ways that Kant formulates the categorical imperitive: One should act in such a way that one could will it that one’s action should become a universal law. One should always act in such a way as to treat fellow beings as an end in themselves and not a means to achieving an end. One should act as though you were a legislator in the “kingdom of ends”.

One should act in such a way that one could will it that one’s action should become a universal law.

One should always act in such a way as to treat fellow beings as an end in themselves and not a means to achieving an end.

One should act as though one were a legislator in the “kingdom of ends”.

Duty

Good Will

Hypothetical Imperative

Categorical Imperative

Universal Law

Rational

An end in itself

Legislator in the “kingdom of ends”