Immanuel Kant: 1724-1804 CE rsrevision.com/ethical theory.

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Immanuel Kant: 1724-1804 CE rsrevision.com/ethical theory

Kant was raised in a strict pietist family Kant was raised in a strict pietist family. He was a creature of routine, and never traveled more than 100 km from his hometown of Konigsberg, Prussia.

Deontology= the study of duty Good Will and Duty ‘Deon’ = Duty Deontology= the study of duty Motive is what matters. The only thing truly good is the good will to do your duty. “The consequences are inconsequential”

To determine our duty we must establish ethical maxims To determine our duty we must establish ethical maxims. These maxims are rules you set for yourself because you believe everyone in the world should always follow them. Maxims carry a categorical imperative. You must always follow them (imperative) in all circumstances (categorical). They indicate your duty.

Ethical Maxim: One on which every rational person would necessarily act if reason were fully in charge of his or her actions.

For a maxim to be correct, you must ask whether it can be ‘universalized’. Is it true for everyone? Kant says, ‘Act in a way you would like everyone else in the world to act.’

Kant agreed with Aristotle that humans were rational, and through reason could determine their duty. Kant wrote about theoretical and practical reason. Practical reason is where we figure out what we ought to do. In other words we discover where our duty lies.

God Immortality Freedom Intelligence and reason indicate that we have personal CHOICE. (A controversial question in Kant’s day.) According to Kant, for humanity to be able to act ethically we must have: God Freedom Immortality

For Kant, the end never justifies the immoral means.