Bell Work Describe the lifestyle of a Spartan. Compare and contrast military service of the Spartan’s versus an American military today? Do you think we should focus more on the military in the U.S.?

Mediterranean Civilizations

Greek City States Region of the Balkan Peninsula & Aegean Sea. Greeks 800- 700 B.C. Athens & Sparta (most important) Acropolis: Greek city-states that were organized around a hilltop. Market Place Public Meeting Place Surrounding area was for agriculture

Homeric Age Homer: writer of Iliad & Odyssey Developed religion Give an early glimpse of Greek Society Developed religion Explained natural world & human actions rather than spirituality. Gods enjoyed strength & courage

Government Athens was ruled by harsh dictators until 507 B.C. When they created a direct democracy. Direct Democracy- everyone participates directly in making decisions for the states

Who was allowed to vote for The Assembly?

Foreign Polices Athens & Sparta would unite in 480 B.C. to fight Persian’s Sparta would lead other states against Athens in Peloponnesian War. Sparta would win Greek’s Golden Age Cultural diffusion Trade Colonization

Sparta Military service was the most important activity.

Male Spartan at the age of seven, he was taken from his mother and sent to live in special military barracks for twenty three years. In barracks they were taught discipline, athletics, survival skills, hunting, weapons training and how to endure the pain. At the age of twenty in the barracks, the male Spartans become soldiers for the state The life of a Spartan soldier was with his soldiers. He ate, slept and trained with them.

They were allowed to marry, but couldn’t live with their wives They were allowed to marry, but couldn’t live with their wives. Only equals were allowed to live with their wives and children. Equals were the soldiers who reached thirtieth age, but if any soldier who disgraced himself in any way was risked not becoming an equal. They were granted expanded rights and allowed to participate in politics. However equals were still soldiers. Military service was required until age sixty.

Alexander the Great Led the unification of Greek city-states and the establishment of the Greek empire. 331 B.C. Created Hellenistic culture “Greek-like”

Alexander the Great The Greek ideals were spread Through “cultural diffusion” Religion Medicine Mathematics Science Alexander died at 32 Family murdered and land was split between generals

Romans Republic: Voters elect their leaders (509 B.C.) Rome would expand and establish colonies around the Mediterranean. Weakened government 44 B.C. Julius Caesar became dictator for life, would be stabbed to death.

Roman Civilization Great difference in wealth existed between the rich and poor in Rome. Government gave poor grain & entertainment Gladiators Chariot races Roman architecture would surpass all others.

Roman Civilization Roman architecture would surpass all others. Construction Roads Buildings Aqueducts Theaters Public buildings

Roman Aqueduct: carry water from the mountains for the city.

Roman Colosseum

Roman Colosseum

Roman Colosseum

Religion The followers of a Jewish teacher, Jesus of Nazareth, founded Christianity. Taught people to love God above all else, and they must love others as they love themselves.

Christianity Romans were threatened by his message and put him to death. His followers believed that he rose from the dead and ascended into heaven. His resurrection proved he was the Messiah, the savior of mankind sent by god.

Christianity It would spread through the empire. Gave people hope 391 A.D. named Rome’s official religion. Church structure created Pope at the top- Latin “Father” Rome would fall & be split & divided by the German Tribes, Byzantines .

Exit Card What were the main construction accomplishments of the Romans? Who started Christianity? What two city-states were in control of the Greek city-states? Who was Alexander the Great? Explain Direct Democracy: