Ben Van Der Kar Advisor ~ Donaldo Urioste WLC 2013 The Influence of Spain on California Agriculture: Before, During, and After the Missionization Period(1769-1833) Ben Van Der Kar Advisor ~ Donaldo Urioste WLC 2013

Abstract This presentation answers the question of how the agriculture of California has been influenced by the presence of the Spanish during the missionization period from 1769-1833. To gain a more full perspective of this influence, the presentation is divided into three sections which include: pre-missionization, the missionization period, and the Spanish legacy after the missionization period.

Table of Contents Abstract Pre-missionization Map of California tribes The missionization period Fruits & veggies at the missions Animals at the missions Mission irrigation Map of a mission blueprint Spanish legacy after 1833 Conclusion References

Introduction ~ Significance of the Study Today, California has one of the largest agricultural economies in the world, but just a few hundred years ago, agriculture was only practed on a very small scale. ¿How did the roughly sixty year Spanish reign of California play a role in changing the agricultural systems and practices both before and after?

The Indigenous People of California ~ prior to 1769 ~ Ethnobotany of the indigenous peoples Methods of obtaining sustenance Staple foods Acorns Seafood

California Missionization Period ~1769-1833~ ¿When? ¿Why? ¿How?

Fruits & Veggies Grown at the Missions The Spaniards introduced many fruits and vegetables to California Seeds brought to California over land and sea were planted at the missions The indigenous peoples were taught to tend to the new agricultural system of planting, irrigating, etc

Fruits & Veggies Grown at the Missions Citrus Grapes Corn Squash Beans Tomatoes Apples Wheat  Pears

Animals at the Missions Cattle were raised for their meat, their hides, and for help plowing the fields Sheep were raised for their wool Horses allowed for better transportation of people and other goods Pigs were raised for meat consumption Chickens were raised for their eggs and meat

This drawing shows two California natives, two non-native steers, and a primitive plow preparing a field for planting.

Irrigation at the Missions

Spanish Legacy After 1833 Secularization of the missions by the Mexican government in 1833 put an end to Spanish reign of California The agricultural crops and practices introduced by the Spaniards continued, the impact of which is still felt today Sheep & cattle were both at one point the leading agricultural industry in California Citrus and olive groves, vineyards, and animal-filled pastures are common sights in California

Conclusion The importation of fruits, vegetables, and animals has had a transcendental impact on the agriculture and ecology of California. From a time in which agriculture barely existed to the present where agriculture is one of the most important industries in the state, the agricultural changes brought about during the Spanish period can still be seen and felt today.

References Pictorial History of California. Paul C. Johnson. (Chapters: Indian Eden & Spanish Transplant.) Johnson, Paul C. Pictorial History of California,. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970. Print. Antepasados – Publication of Los Californianos. Anza Correspondence 1775. Donald T. Garate. Volume VIII 1995 "La Huerta Project." The Santa Barbara Independent. N.p., 23 Jan. 2007. Web. 06 Feb. 2013. Cleveland-Peck, Patricia. "Plant Dispersal: Atlantic Crossings." History Today. History Today Volume: 61 Issue: 9 2011, n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2013. White, Stewart Edward. Old California: In Picture and Story. New York: Garden City, 1939. Print.