Gov Review Video #48: Important Civil Rights To Know A Brief Review Of Important Civil Rights To Know To Succeed In Gov

Improvements In Civil Rights Over The Years Reconstruction Amendments: 13 - abolished slavery 14 - citizenship, equal protection clause (future video) 15 - adult male suffrage Brown v. Board (1954) - overturned the “Separate but Equal” doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Civil Rights Act of 1964: Ended racial segregation and discrimination in workplace

Improvements In Civil Rights Over The Years Voting Rights Act of 1965: Outlawed literacy tests Increased the number of African American voters 24th Amendment: Eliminated poll taxes

Women and Civil Rights Seneca Falls Convention (1848): Birth of the Women’s Rights Movement 19th amendment (1920): Women’s suffrage Equal Rights Amendment (1972): “Equality of the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” Did not get the 3/4 necessary approval from states Title IX (1972): Outlawed discrimination based on sex in education

Affirmative Action What is it? Became popular under LBJ Encouraged federal agencies to amend for past discrimination This has been extended to women as well Advocates of Affirmative Action argue it increases the # of women and minorities in various jobs Critics argue it is a reverse discrimination

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) Background: UC Davis set aside 16 admission slots for minorities - did not have to meet the same standards Bakke (white male) applied and did not get accepted, even though his scores were higher than minority candidates He sued based on discrimination Supreme Court’s Decision: Quota system could not be used Race could be considered as a factor in admission

Test Tips Multiple Choice: Affirmative Action - Supreme Court does not support quotas, but does support race as a factor in admissions Free Response: Amendments/court cases that increase democracy/overturned voting and segregation restrictions

See You Back Here For Video #49: The Incorporation Doctrine Thanks for watching! Best of luck 14th Amendment!