COLONIAL SETTLEMENTS OF New France

Age of Exploration: - From 1450 - 1600 AD - Explorers looking for new water routes to far east - Sought spices, silks, and other fine goods - New ideas + better ship building = longer voyages - Required financial backing of King/Queen

Mercantilism: - Mother country makes a profit off colonies under their control 1500 - 1700 Power & wealth by owning colonies Colonies = raw materials & buy finished goods

Monopoly: - The exclusive right to trade and control an area - Lay claim to areas in the Americas - Believed control extended to land & all resources on it - Plant flag

Colonization: - bringing another region under direct control - develop resources, supplies and provide market for manufactured goods First prosperous industry = fishing Fur trade soon developed

Samuel de Champlain Father of New France Created alliance with Huron peoples Enemy of Iroquois

Who was who in New France? Fur Trader Missionary Habitant Fille-du roi Seigneur Soldier Answer these Questions: Who were they? Where did they go? Why did they come to New France? How have they helped shape Canada?

The War of Religion Black Robes vs Huron

Government

King Louis XIV of France Absolute Monarch Definition: Leaders have unlimited power over their people.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert Chief Official of France: Colbert’s role was to be in charge of France’s economy. His idea was to use France’s colonies around the world to make France more powerful.

Comte De Frontenac Governor of New France Role In New France Represented the King Highest ranking official in New France Responsible for military planning, relations with native people, ensuring other officials did their job.

Jean Talon 1625-1691 First Intendant of New France Role in New France: Acted as master of New France in the king’s name Informed the king of colonial activities and ensured harmony among the people. Appointed the nobility Supervised day-to-day running of the colony, law and order and finance matters.

Francois de Laval Bishop of Quebec Role in New France: Represented the Roman Catholic Church in New France In charge of missionaries, churches, hospitals and schools Reported to the king on colonial activities and ensured harmony among his parishes.

HABITANTS

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Seigneurial System

Why was the seigneurial system in New France so important to the daily life of the habitants? Most days were spent on their land working away just to survive. Had to tend to all the daily needs: farming, vegetable gardens, family, livestock, etc Each habitant family had to pay monthly rent on the land so they needed to have enough to sell to pay.

Who owned the land in New France Who owned the land in New France? The King of France Who ran the land on a day to day basis? The Seigneur who looked after the land for a share of the profits. (nobility chosen by the King) What was the role of the seigneur? Duties included: 1. Subdivide the seigneury into 32 hectare parcels and grant land to the habitants. 2. Build a house and flour mill on the seigneury. 3. Contribute to the construction of a church. 4. Report to Intendant information on population, land used and cultivated and dues paid.

Duties of the Habitants: 1 Duties of the Habitants: 1. Pay taxes or dues to the seigneur (cens et rentes) 2. Build a house and farm the land 3. Perform unpaid labour for the seigneur a few days each year (corvee) 4. Give a percentage of his produce (fish, crops, animals) to the seigneur annually.

Roles of the Family FATHER MOTHER YOUNG BOY YOUNG GIRL - Cutting down trees - Farming - Carpentry Building Furniture Hunting and Fishing Salt Dry of Meat and Fish - Cutting and hauling firewood - Taking care of house and children - Gardening - Canning of Winter storage of food Helping in the harvest Cooking Over 14: were old enough to help father on farming chores and building Under 14: picking veg from garden, fishing, feeding the livestock, Over 14: same chores as mother Under 14: helping mother with cooking and cleaning, the garden, storage of food, feeding some small livestock