Social Changes (1750 – 1900) Ch. 23 (pp. 668 – 681)

Native Americans Post-independence, U.S. Westward expansion resulted in conflict with natives Native communities developed on the edges of the U.S. colonies Ex. Cherokee Nation; one of the “five civilized tribes”

Native Americans Indian Removal Act of 1830 Forced natives to West Coast reservations Trail of Tears

Native Americans Continued westward expansion led to decades of conflict between colonists and natives Natives adopted guns & horses Colonel Custer and the Battle of Little Bighorn Sitting Bull’s Ghost Dance Rebellion led to the Battle at Wounded Knee

African Americans Early 19th century, British led movement to end the slave trade Women and freed slaves promoted abolition movement in the Americas Ex. Frederick Douglas

African Americans After slaves gained their freedom they were often victims of discrimination/segregation

Women’s Rights Demands for women’s suffrage and an emergent feminism challenged political and gender hierarchies Suffrage = voting… not suffering Ex. Mary Wollstonecraft's “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” Ex. The resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848

Women’s Rights “This has been the language of man since he laid aside the whip as a means to keep women in subjection. He spares her body, but the war he has waged against her mind, her heart, and her soul, has been no less destructive to her as a moral being. How monstrous is the doctrine that woman is to be dependent on man!” An passage by Sarah Grimke spoken at Seneca Falls Conference in 1848

Immigration Global populations were rising Rising food production Introduction of new medicine

Immigration Internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to cities Most moved freely in search of work Ex. manual laborers

Immigration Forced (coerced) labor remained Slavery Chinese and Indian indentured servitude Later led to Chinese Exclusion Acts in the US Convict labor

Immigration Many migrants permanently relocated Some temporary and seasonal migrants returned to their home societies Italians in Argentina

Environmental Effects Rapid urbanization that accompanied global capitalism often led to unsanitary conditions “When confronted by a choice between economic growth and environmental protection, all of the Western hemisphere’s nations embraced growth…”