Enzymes

Enzymes are Catalyst Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Animation Enzymes are catalyst to over 4000 biochemical reactions! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Activation Energy Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Allow reactions to happen at lower temperatures (body temp) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Activation_energy.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Enzymes are Reusable Enzymes are reusable molecules found in living things. Animation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GLO1_Homo_sapiens_small_fast.gif Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Classifying Enzymes There are 4 major categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids Most enzymes are proteins. However, there are a few catalytic RNA molecules. 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glucose-2D-skeletal.png 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mouse-cholera-antibody-1f4x.png 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benzopyrene_DNA_adduct_1JDG.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Naming Enzymes Take the name of the substrate molecule the enzyme works on and add the suffix -ase Example: Lactose  Lactase http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lactase.jpg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Enzyme Form and Function Lock & key Model: The shape of an enzyme allows it to do a specific job much like a lock and key. Specificity Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Induced Fit Model Enzymes can form to the shape of its substrate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Induced_fit_diagram.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Denaturing Enzymes When an enzyme is denatured it is damaged. Denaturing changes the shape. Without the correct shape enzymes won’t function properly. HOW are enzymes denatured? Temperature pH (strong acids or bases) Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Enzyme Inhibitors Chemicals that prevent the enzyme from working. Inhibitors decrease the enzyme reaction rate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Competitive_inhibition.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Enzyme Activators X Chemicals that help the enzyme work. Activators increase the enzyme reaction rate. X Activator Substrate Binding Site Active Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

Enzymes are used all over your body! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system_diagram_en.svg Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College

http://upload. wikimedia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Major_digestive_enzymes.png/750px-Major_digestive_enzymes.png Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College