Chapter 9 Broadcast Media Transmit sounds or images electronically—bounded by time Includes radio and television Broadcast engages more senses than reading and adds audio as well as motion for television

Radio Industry Structure AM/FM Public radio Cable radio Satellite radio LPFM Web radio Radio Advertising Relies on the listener’s mind to fill in the visual element Delivers a high level of frequency Radio commercials lend themselves to repetition

Network Spot Syndicated Revenue Categories Group of local affiliates connected to one or more national networks Viable national medium for many products Growth has contributed to increase in syndicated radio

Network Spot Syndicated Revenue Categories When an advertiser places an ad with an individual station rather than a network Makes up nearly 80% of all radio advertising Messages can be tailored for particular audiences

Network Spot Syndicated Revenue Categories Offers advertisers a variety of high-quality, specialized, and usually original programs Advertisers value syndicated programming because of the high level of audience loyalty

The Radio Audience Station fans Radio fans Music fans News fans Largest segment A clear preference for one or two stations Radio fans May listen to four or five stations per week Show no preference for one particular station Music fans People who listen exclusively for the music being played News fans Choose stations based on a need for news and information Have one or two favorite stations

Measuring the Radio Audience Dayparts Typical radio programming day is divided into five segments called dayparts Coverage The number of homes in a geographic area that are able to pick up the station clearly Ratings The percentage of homes actually tuned in to a particular station

Radio Advantages Target audience Affordability Frequency Flexibility Mental imagery High level of acceptance Disadvantages Listener inattentiveness Lack of visuals Clutter Scheduling and buying difficulties Lack of control

Television Television advertising is embedded in television programming Sometimes the ad becomes the programming Prices have increased and while audiences have become smaller Most of the attention in media buying, and in measuring effectiveness, focuses on the performance of various shows and how they engage their audiences

Structure of the Television Industry Network television Cable and subscription Local television Public television When two or more stations are able to broadcast the same program that originates from a single source Networks originate programs and provide them to local affiliates

Structure of the Television Industry Network television Cable and subscription Local television Public television Provide highly targeted special-interest programming options Cable is most familiar example of subscription television—satellite is another

Structure of the Television Industry Network television Cable and subscription Local television Public television Affiliated with a network Carry network programming and their own programs Independent stations Most advertisers are local retailers

Structure of the Television Industry Network television Cable and subscription Local television Public television Many consider public television to be commercial-free Stations can air program sponsorship ads—different in nature Reaches the affluent

Programming Options Pay-per-view Program syndication Off-network syndication First-run syndication High-definition TV Digital Video Reorders Time-shifting

Television Advertising Sponsorships Participations Spot announcements Advertiser assumes total financial responsibility for producing the program and providing the commercials Advertiser can control the content and quality of the program and the placement and length of commercials

Television Advertising Sponsorships Participations Spot announcements Where advertisers pay for 10, 15, 20, 30, or 60 seconds of commercial time during a program Provides more flexibility in market coverage, target audiences, scheduling, and budgeting

Television Advertising Sponsorships Participations Spot announcements Commercials that appear in the breaks between programs Local affiliates sell these to advertisers who want to show their ads locally

Measuring the Television Audience Rating points The percentage of all the households with television tuned into a particular program Share of audience The percentage of viewers based on the number of sets turned on Audiometer Diaries People meters Record what television shows are being watched, the number of households watching, and which family members are viewing

Television Advantages Pervasiveness/ influence Cost efficiency Impact Disadvantages Production costs Clutter Wasted reach Inflexibility Intrusiveness

Film and Video Trailers & ads Video and DVD distributors also placing ads before movies Promotional video networks in stores, offices, truck stops, universities, etc. Advantages Captive audience Attention level is higher than for almost any other form of commercials Disadvantages Captive audience resents intrusion of ads

Product Placement When a company pays to have verbal or visual brand exposure in a movie or TV program Advantages Demonstrates product usage in a natural setting by celebrities Catches audience when resistance to ads is low Disadvantages May not be noticed Not a match between product/movie/audience

Using Broadcast Advertising Use Radio If… Local business Highly targeted audience Small budget Timing (aperture) Personal message with human voice Works in musical form or strong in mental imagery Use Television If… Want wider mass audience Good budget Product needs both sight and sound Prove something to audience Create or reinforce brand image and personality

Using Broadcast Advertising Use Movie Ads If… National brand Have budget to do high-quality commercials Movie audience matches brand’s target audience Substantial visual impact and quality production Use Placement If… Want to associate brand with stars and story Viewing audience matches brand’s target audience Natural fit between product and storyline Opportunity for brand as star