All substances are made from atoms.

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Presentation transcript:

All substances are made from atoms. There are about 100 different types of atoms An element is a substance which contains only one type of atom Atoms

The Periodic Table The Periodic Table

Element, Compound, Mixture

Atoms have a small central nucleus containing protons and neutrons Structure of an Atom Atoms have a small central nucleus containing protons and neutrons Electrons orbit the nucleus Protons, neutrons and electrons have different masses and charges Structure of an Atoms

Atomic structure Atomic Structure

Atomic structure Atomic Structure

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus In an atom, the number of electrons always equals the number of protons Atoms do not have an overall electrical charge Atomic Number

Atomic number Atomic Number

The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number Mass Number

Mass number Mass Number

Calculations Calculations

Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons (e.g. carbon-12 and carbon-14) Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers Isotopes

Isotopes Isotopes

Each electron in an atom is at a particular energy level (or shell) Electrons Each electron in an atom is at a particular energy level (or shell) Electrons fill the lowest energy levels first (nearest to the nucleus) The first shell can take a maximum of 2 electrons, the second shell can take 8, and the third shell can take 8 Electrons

Electron Shells Electron shells

Electron arrangements

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