The Growth of Industry 8-1 A New Way of Working During the Colonial era most New Englanders were small farmers and made their own goods What kinds of goods did people make for themselves? In the Mid 1700s machines were invented that made goods faster & cheaper Cloth, hand tools, farm equipment, household items, clothing, furniture

A woman working a power loom in a mill or factory

The Growth of Industry 8-1 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid 1700s, then it made its way to the U.S. in the 1800s How do you suppose it got to the U.S.? Poor soil, weather, too much coal and iron Farming was difficult in New England so many people were eager to leave home for a steady paycheck What made farming difficult?

The Growth of Industry 8-1 New England was a good location for mills because it had a steady supply of rushing water Why was water important? Water was needed to power the machines New England was close to natural resources like coal and iron & had many ports Rushing river water provided power to the mills/factories. New England could use the ports to ship coal and iron to other places. It could also receive cotton from the south and spin it into cloth in its mill/factories. Why were resources and ports important?

The Growth of Industry 8-1 Industry thrived in the U.S. under capitalism Free enterprise: people can work wherever they want, they can make, buy or sell whatever they want – provided somebody wants it Elements of free enterprise are profit, private property and economic freedom

The Growth of Industry 8-1 New Technology New England had people, (labor) water (power), location (resources & ports) & capital But, the Industrial Revolution could not have happened without advances in technology

The Growth of Industry 8-1 New Technology The Spinning Jenny & Power Loom revolutionized the textile industry The cotton gin allowed cotton to be cleaned 50 times faster! Congress passed a patent law to protect inventors

After the cotton was spun into thread it could then be weaved into fabric.

The cotton gin was a remarkably simple design…which made it incredibly easy to duplicate

The Growth of Industry 8-1 New England Factories Great Britain tried to protect their inventions to protect their markets What does that mean? Samuel Slater memorized designs and came to the U.S. with those designs Where in the U.S. would Slater go? Slater went to Rhode Island and duplicated all the machines from Great Britain

Pawtucket, Rhode Island was where Slater opened his mill

The Growth of Industry 8-1 Frances Cabot Lowell opened his own mill in Massachusetts Lowell’s mill was the first to use the factory system: He brought several steps of manufacturing under one roof Summary:

Economic Independence A Changing Economy 8-1 Economic Independence The demand for cotton grew as the textile industry grew Most new businesses were financed by small investors Taxes were low and there were few government regulations in place which allowed businesses to thrive

A Changing Economy 8-1 Cities Come of Age The growth of factories meant the growth of towns & cities Cities along rivers and the coast grew very quickly Why do you suppose that is? They had water power and could easily trade Mill and factories built near rivers. Coasts had ports. Older port cities like NYC & Boston grew even larger Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & Louisville all benefited from their proximity to major rivers

Cities had lots of problems: No sewers A Changing Economy 8-1 Cities had lots of problems: No sewers animals often roamed the streets fires posed a HUGE problem (buildings were very close to each other, made of wood, and few fire departments existed) But, cities did have perks: jobs museums & libraries shopping Summary: