Aim: What do we need to study for the midterm? HW: Study for test Wednesday – January 11th – Essay Friday – January 13th – Multiple Choice

1. What is capitalism? The economic system based on private initiative, competition, profit, and the private ownership of the means of producing goods and services.

2. What led to the rise of big business? Industrial growth in America in the late 1800s Capitalism Corporations Laissez-faire

3. Define laissez-faire Government does not regulate or interfere with business or economy. This helped businesses grow.

4. Who was john D rockefeller Industrialist and philanthropist Founder of the Standard Oil Company

5. Why were corporations allowed to grow? Government policy of laissez-faire Few restrictions on corporate growth

6. What were monopolies? Control of entire industry by one corporation. No competition

7. What was the government’s response to big business? Began to regulate because of public outcry

8. Define interstate commerce Act Government regulates interstate business (commerce) such as railroads. First regulatory agency

9. Define Sherman Antitrust Act Prohibited trusts or other businesses from limiting competition

10. How did labor unions help workers? People united to improve working conditions; decline due to association with violence.

11. What problems were associated with urbanization? Growth of cities especially in Northeast Overcrowding, unsanitary housing

12. What were the working conditions like? Low pay Dangerous machines Long hours Locked windows and doors

13. What was the impact of immigration? Greater diversity; cultural diversity Provided cheap, unskilled workers

14. Define nativism The belief that native-born Americans and their ways of life were superior to immigrants and their ways of life.

15. What were ethnic ghettos/ethnic neighborhoods? Neighborhoods where immigrants settled. It was done so that the immigrants could hold on to their culture Little Italy, Chinatown

16. “Melting pot vs. Salad bowl” theory A “salad bowl” – many cultures in one society The Melting pot theory - All immigrants should adopt American traditions

17. Define: Exodusters African Americans who migrated to the west after the civil war. Faced many problems – lacked experience and faced racial hatred.

18. What was the Purpose of the Homestead act? 1862 Free land; led to settling of the West 160 acres

19. What were some goals of the populists? Graduated Income Tax Restricted Immigration Secret ballots Government ownership of RR Direct election of senators Shorter work day

20. Why were parties like the populist party created? “Third” parties were created because they responded to people’s special needs like farmers. Not satisfied with Democrats or Republicans

21. What did the Progressive party want to change? Sought to bring justice and fairness to the people. Wanted government to take a greater role to regulate and protect

22. How did the Progressive movement change the nation? Progressives supported the use of government power to bring about reform. Secret ballot Initiative Referendum Recall Direct primary

23. What did muckrakers do to inform people about problems? Wrote articles, books, photos, cartoons to inform people. Some writers who wanted to reform society were: Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives (tenement life) Ida Tarbell: History of Standard Oil (oil monopoly) Upton Sinclair: The Jungle (meatpacking)

24. What was the purpose of the Meat Inspection Act? 1906 – created a system for government inspection of foods, meats and drugs sold to the public

25. What does the term “general Welfare” mean? In the public’s best interest. For the good of the people.

26. What was Theodore Roosevelt's position on trusts? Good trusts (are ok) vs. bad trusts (not ok) Trustbuster (bad trusts only); conservationist.

27. Define 18th Amendment  Ban alcohol; temperance movement; Carry A. Nation and Women’s Christian Temperance Movement

28. Define 19th Amendment Women’s suffrage or right to vote. After their contributions during World War I

29. Define: suffrage/Franchise Right to vote

30. Define imperialism Taking over other nations for raw materials and markets

31. Define Neutrality Do not take sides in a war or issue. Before WWI.

32. Define: expansionism extending its national boundaries

33. Define Big Stick policy Pres. Teddy Roosevelt; use force when necessary to enforce our demands; especially Latin America

34. What was the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? Teddy Roosevelt added this Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine so the U.S. could intervene in a nation’s affairs when it wanted to do so

35. Why did Teddy Roosevelt want to build the Panama canal? Shorter route from East to West Coast of USA. Better for military ships

36. Spanish American war (causes and effects) 1898; yellow journalism; sinking of Maine; helped Cuba win independence from Spain. Gained many territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines; U.S. becomes a colonial empire

37. World War I causes MANIA; we sold goods to Allies before we entered war, at first-neutral then Germany used unrestricted sub (U-boats) warfare. Woodrow Wilson – “make the world safe for democracy” – reason to enter the war.

38. World war I effects Treaty of Versailles - Ended WWI; Germany pays reparation and loses colonies and military; considered harsh by some. Set the seeds for WWII; U.S. Senate did not ratify it. Foreign entanglements.

39. What was trench warfare? WWI - war fought in trenches of Europe

40. Define rationing Conserving scarce resources (used in wartime)

41. What was the role of conservation during WWI? Patriotism during war; conserved food and fuel; meatless Mondays, wheatless Wed.; save fuel/ resources

42. What are immigration quotas or restrictions? Why were they used? Nativists believed immigrants brought “bad” ideas.

43. What changes in the auto industry impacted the economy? Mass Production Assembly line Demand for materials

44. What changes occurred for women during WWI? Worked during war in “men’s jobs” resulted in more respect. Later gained suffrage.

45. What is a primary source? Eyewitness account; first hand account; document; diary, map, photo

46. “which is the result of the other three?” type questions