Humanitarian Peace support School 11/12/2018 FIRST AID AWARENESS Humanitarian Peace support School Bethuel Aliwa – EMT/EMS-I 4:37:37 PM 1 1

11/12/2018 You are in a convoy of 4 vehicles from an assignment. Suddenly on a bend, a young boy runs across the road. The lead vehicle suddenly skids and is banged behind by another one. Due to the commotion, the third one looses control and rolls several times before landing in a ditch. Luckily you are in the fourth car. It is raining heavily. The injured are screaming for Help. What do you do???? 4:37:37 PM 2

11/12/2018 Incident Management 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 Incident Management A – Assess the situation M – Make area safe E – Emergency Aid G – Get help A - Aftermath 4:37:37 PM

PATIENT ASSESSMENT Scene safety & Body Substance Isolation 11/12/2018 PATIENT ASSESSMENT Scene safety & Body Substance Isolation Determine Responsiveness (Activate EMS) Ensure an open Airway Normal Breathing Circulation including presence of bleeding Mental status 4:37:37 PM

PATIENT HISTORY S Signs and Symptoms A Allergies M Medications 11/12/2018 PATIENT HISTORY S Signs and Symptoms "What is the problem?" A Allergies "Are you allergic to anything?" M Medications "Do you take any medications?" P Pertinent History "Are you currently seeing a doctor for anything?" L Last Oral Intake "When was the last time E Events "What were you doing when this happened?" 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 Cardio pulmonary resuscitation 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 Chest Compressions Nipple line 4:37:37 PM

“Push hard, push fast & allow the chest to recoil” 11/12/2018 “Push hard, push fast & allow the chest to recoil” Minimize interruptions of compression 4:37:37 PM

FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (FBAO) Adult, child & infant 11/12/2018 FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (FBAO) Adult, child & infant 4:37:37 PM

Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Adults (FBAO) 11/12/2018 CHOKING Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Adults (FBAO) Ask “ are you choking” Heimlich maneuver Adult 4:37:37 PM

Management of FBAO in Infants 11/12/2018 Management of FBAO in Infants 5 Chest thrust 5 Back slaps 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 BLEEDING 13:31:57

BLEEDING External bleeding. Internal bleeding. 11/12/2018 BLEEDING Bleeding: (comes in two major forms) External bleeding. Internal bleeding. Others sources include (nose bleeding) 4:37:37 PM

Contusions and Hematomas 11/12/2018 Contusions and Hematomas Contusion Blood vessel disruption beneath epidermis Swelling, pain, blueness May occur 24 to 48 hours after injury 4:37:37 PM

Deep abrasion caused by a fall from a bicycle 11/12/2018 Abrasion Partial-thickness injury Scraping or rubbing away of layers of skin Deep abrasion caused by a fall from a bicycle 4:37:37 PM

Tear, split, or incision of skin 11/12/2018 Laceration Tear, split, or incision of skin Size and depth vary depending on injury sites and wounding mechanism May be significant bleeding 4:37:37 PM

Large wound caused by barbed wire 11/12/2018 Laceration Large wound caused by barbed wire 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 Puncture Wounds Impaled objects 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 Impaled objects 4:37:37 PM

Amputation Complete or partial loss of limb due to mechanical force 11/12/2018 Complete or partial loss of limb due to mechanical force Bleeding is a potentially fatal complication 4:37:37 PM

Care for Sucking Chest Wound 11/12/2018 Care for Sucking Chest Wound 4:37:37 PM

11/12/2018 BONE AND JOINT INJURIES 4:37:37 PM

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Musculoskeletal System 11/12/2018 Musculoskeletal System Gives the body shape Protects internal organs Provides for support & movement 4:37:37 PM

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Open Injuries (fracture) Break in the continuity of the skin. 11/12/2018 Open Injuries (fracture) Break in the continuity of the skin. 4:37:37 PM

Closed Injuries(fracture) No break in the continuity of the skin. 11/12/2018 Closed Injuries(fracture) No break in the continuity of the skin. 4:37:37 PM

Ball-and-Socket Joint 03 - 07 /12/2007 11/12/2018 Dislocation Movement of a bone at a joint away from the normal position. More obvious than a fracture. Often forms a bump, ridge (fold) or hollow. Hinge Joint Ball-and-Socket Joint 4:37:37 PM CBFA AND PHAST IN EMERGENCIES WORKSHOP 56

Tearing of ligament at a joint 11/12/2018 03 - 07 /12/2007 Sprain Tearing of ligament at a joint May swell & can involve fractures or dislocations Most often occurs in the ankle, knee, wrist or finger joint. 4:37:37 PM CBFA AND PHAST IN EMERGENCIES WORKSHOP 57

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Dry and leathery skin; Charred 11/12/2018 Full Thickness Burn (3rd Degree) Burn involves all dermal layers and may include muscle, bone, or organs Dry and leathery skin; Charred Little or no sensation; hard to the touch; pain at periphery 4:37:37 PM

Assessment And Care Body Substance Isolation & do a Body Surface Area 11/12/2018 Assessment And Care Body Substance Isolation & do a Body Surface Area Help the casualty lie down (as this may help prevent shock). Cut around areas of clothing that adhere to patient; do not attempt to remove adhere fabric. Cover the injured area with a sterile dressing to protect it from infection. 4:37:37 PM

Stop The Burning Process 11/12/2018 Stop The Burning Process Use water or saline to cool burn injuries Within first 10 minutes of injury, if possible. Remove jewelry and any clothing on fire; (advise the victim to STOP, DROP & ROLL) Be ready to resuscitate (burn to the face) 4:37:38 PM

Airway Burns Singed nasal hairs Facial burns 11/12/2018 Airway Burns Singed nasal hairs Facial burns Burned flecks of carbon in sputum Sooty or smoky smell on breath Respiratory distress 4:37:38 PM

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CONCLUSION Triage is the single most important decision involving management of mass casualty incidences. Agencies in hostile areas are encouraged to develop Mass casualty plans for their facilities based on operating capacity and resources It important for all staff to know about the plan.