First Aid Part 2

First Aid Imagine you are outside your house getting the mail, and a man you do not know collapses to the ground while taking his dog for a walk. Thinking Questions Why do you think you or someone else might hesitate to help the victim? What are some consequences of helping the victim? (positive and negative) What are some consequences of not helping the victim (positive and negative)

Good Samaritan Law What is the Good Samaritan Law? A law protecting those who help the injured or ill from liability. Do you think the Good Samaritan Law is a good thing or not? Why?

Words to Know… What is First Aid? The immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided. What is Consent? Permission given by a victim to someone willing to provide treatment. If the victim cannot respond, there is implied consent. What does Conscious mean? It is when a person is aware of his or her surroundings. What does Unconscious mean? It is when a person is unable to respond.

The 4c’s of First Aid 1. Check for Danger 2. Check for Response 3. Call 911 4. Provide Care REMEMBER CHECK CALL CARE

First Aid Kit What are some things that would be important to include in a First Aid Kit? Where are some convenient places to keep First Aid Kits?

Protecting Yourself Gloves Protect against blood born illnesses Must be removed properly Must be disposed of properly Breathing Barriers Have a 1 way valve Not always available http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzns6vTTp0Q

What are the 4 C’s of First Aid? Pop Quiz What are the 4 C’s of First Aid? 1. Check for Danger 2. Check for Response 3. Call 911 4. Provide Care

What type of accidents cause Wounds Laceration A cut in the skin that is usually deep enough to require stitches Abrasion A scrape or brush burn Puncture A hole in the skin caused by a sharp object What type of accidents cause these types of wounds?

The following slides are extremely graphic! Name That Wound WARNING! The following slides are extremely graphic!

A large piece of glass is sticking out of your wrist

You sliced your finger open on a knife.

Your little brother slid down the stairs and has carpet burn on the back of his legs.

You have a long cut on your arm from the corner of a cabinet.

You fell off your bike and your elbow is bleeding from scraping the road.

Treatment Laceration Abrasion Puncture Clean the wound with soap and water, or peroxide. Use a clean cloth to apply pressure. Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection Apply a sterile bandage Tightly. Abrasion Clean the wound with soap and water or Peroxide Use a clean cloth to apply Pressure Use an Antibiotic cream to prevent infection Apply a sterile bandage Loosely Puncture **If the wound is Deep or in a critical area, leave the foreign object in! Call 911 and Immobilize the object.** For minor punctures, completely remove foreign objects Use a clean cloth to apply pressure Use an antibiotic cream to prevent Infection Apply a sterile bandage Laceration Abrasion Puncture

Nosebleeds Treatment Sit down Tilt your head slightly Forward. (Leaning Back may cause blood to flow down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and may cause gagging, coughing or vomiting. Gently Pinch your nose. Use your thumb and Index finger and breathe through your Mouth. Continue for about 5-10 minutes. To Prevent Rebleeding: Do not Bend Over or Blow Your Nose for several hours after bleeding stops.

Soft Tissue Injuries Sprain A stretch or tear of a ligament (connects bone to bone) Strain A stretch or tear of a tendon (connects bone to muscle)

Fractures Simple Fracture A broken bone that does not break through the skin Compound Fracture A broken bone that breaks through the tissue and skin

The following slides are extremely graphic! Name That Injury WARNING! The following slides are extremely graphic!

The RICE Method R:Rest I: Ice C: Compression E: Elevation

Treatment Sprains and Strains Treatment for Fractures Stop activity right away Use the RICE method for the first 48 hours after the injury Use supportive devices when returning to activity such as: Tape Braces Ankle Savers *Monitor the injury for problems in the future Treatment for Fractures Call 911 Stabilize the victim until emergency care arrives If you must move the victim because the situation Becomes Unsafe, immobilize the injury. ***Fractures Require Immediate Care

Burns

Burns: Defined Type of Burn Definition 1st Degree: Only the Epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned. The skin usually Red and swells with pain. 2nd Degree: The Outer layer of skin is burned through and the 2nd layer (called the Dermis) becomes red and blotchy. If the burn is less than 2-3 inches in diameter, treat it as a Minor burn. If it is larger or on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, treat as a Major burn. 3rd Degree: A major burn that involves all layers of the Skin, Tissue, Muscle or even Bone. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white.

Graphic Burn Pictures Ahead WARNING! Graphic Burn Pictures Ahead

Burns: Treatment Treatment for Minor Burns Cool the burn. Immediately hold the burn under Cool Water until the pain subsides. Do not put Ice directly on the burn. Cover the burn by wrapping it Loosely with Sterile Bandages. Take OTC (Over The Counter) pain reliever. Treatment for Major Burns Call 911 immediately! Provide care by removing any smoldering or hot materials from the victim. Do not immerse Major burns in Water. Check for response and Begin CPR if necessary. Wrap the burn with cool, moist, sterile bandages or moist towels.

Remember… The sun causes burns to skin and eyes too. Wear sunglasses, protective clothing and sunscreen to help prevent burns. Use Aloe to calm skin if you are burned. Overexposure to the sun can also cause Skin Cancer so protect yourself. Warm temperatures can also lead to heat illness.

Rapid, shallow breathing Heal Illness Symptoms Dehydration Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Thirst Dizziness Weight loss Feeling faint Nausea Heavy sweating Cool, moist skin Rapid heart beat Rapid, shallow breathing No sweating Confusion Unconsciousness Fainting

Treatment… Treatment for Heat Exhaustion Call 911 if fainting, confusion, seizures, or a fever above 102˚F. Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning. Lay the victim down and Elevate legs and feet slightly after Loosening or removing their clothing if able. Have the victim drink Cool Water, not a sports drink. Never give food or water to an unconscious victim! Monitor the person carefully. Treatment for Heat Stroke Call 911 immediately! Cool the person by covering them with damp Towels or spraying them with Cool Water. Use a fan or newspaper to Give them air. Animals can suffer from heat illness too! Give them plenty of water, a shady area to lay in and never leave them in a parked car.

Choking Vocab Choking: When a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, stopping the flow of air. Heimlich Maneuver: An emergency technique used to dislodge an object, such as food, from the trachea (windpipe) of a choking person.

Choking… What are some things that would be easy for a young child to choke on? How can we prevent this type of emergency from happening?

First Aid for Choking First Aid for Choking Assess the Situation Is the victim able to speak? Is the victim able to breathe? Heimlich Maneuver Stand Behind the victim, wrap arms around victim’s waist, and clasp your hands above victim’s navel but below ribcage. Thrust Inward and Upward with enough force to pop loose the obstruction. Repeat until obstruction is Removed or victim becomes Unconscious.

Stroke: What is it? Stroke: When blood flow to the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel is blocked or breaks open.

Stroke… Face Arm Speech Time Strokes can cause irreversible damage if not treated right away. You cannot provide this treatment, so it is critical that you recognize the symptoms and call 911 immediately. Label the following pictures with the acronym we use to remember the signs of a stroke. Slurring Face Arm Speech Time

Movie Time! You will watch two short Youtube movies that explain how to respond to two different critical care emergencies. Use the blank space on the back of your first aid manual to take notes on how to care for a victim in these situations. Notes can be taken in bulleted form and do not have to be in complete sentences.

Use when an adult suddenly collapses Hands Only CPR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aroShSnkKUc Use when an adult suddenly collapses

Allergic Reactions: Epi Pen Injection http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgvnt8YA7r8 Use Only if an Epi-Pen is prescribed to this victim

What are the 4 C’s of First Aid? Pop Quiz What are the 4 C’s of First Aid? 1. Check for Danger 2. Check for Response 3. Call 911 4. Provide Care