Rise of Dictators

Italy - Mussolini Mussolini took over in Italy His goal: create a new Roman Empire Promised to rescue Italy by reviving the economy and rebuilding the army Organized gangs of “Blackshirts” to terrorize those who oppose him Suspended elections and declared dictatorship

Germany - Hitler Hitler -1923 - he tried to overthrow the gov’t, but failed While in prison, he wrote Mein Kampf Blamed Jews for all of Germany’s problems, proposed building stronger military and expanding German borders 1932 – Hitler becomes Chancellor

Japan - Hirohito Condemned by world powers Japan’s Emperor, Hirohito, also began consolidating power prior to WWII Japan had also been launching invasions of China, trying to gain more land 1937 Japan begins all-out brutal invasion of China Condemned by world powers “Rape of Nanking” – 100,000 civilians put to death or brutalized

Axis Powers Germany, Italy, & Japan All agree to fight Soviet Communism Agree not to interfere with one another’s plans for expansion Between 1932 & 1937 they attack & invade nations with no response from the west APPEASEMENT: Giving into the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace

Ted ed—hitler’s rise to power

Hitler’s War of Aggression

Warm up Hitler wants more land Predict: What countries will he try to take over first?

Rabidly Racist Adolf Suddenly Made Countries Need Powerful Weapons Nine Steps Today we’ll talk about the 9 steps of Hitler’s War of Aggression Write this at the top of your Notes: Rabidly Racist Adolf Suddenly Made Countries Need Powerful Weapons

Hitler Background: Versailles Treaty Background: Alliances Signed at end of WWI Limited the size of Germany’s army Background: Alliances Hitler had allied with Mussolini in Italy

1. Hitler Re-Arms Hitler announced that Germany would no longer obey the Versailles Treaty Started re-arming Germany in 1935 Delighted the German people – created jobs and promised them renewed power Other countries issued a mild condemnation but did nothing

After re-arming, Germany begins to take over the land it lost in WWI

2. Rhineland March 1936 – German troops entered the Rhineland Went against the Versailles Treaty Germany had used this as a base for attacks in WWI But Britain and France took no action Followed a policy of appeasement Giving in to an enemy, hoping that makes them happy and they stop

3. Anschluss Demands for Anschluss - the union of Austria and Germany had increased after Hitler became German Chancellor March 1938 – Germany’s army occupies Austria Britain and France had previously pledged to protect Austrian independence, but ignored their pledge

4. Sudetenland Hitler next turned to Czechoslavakia About 3 million German-speaking people lived in the Sudetenland (part of Czech.) 1938 - Hitler demanded the Sudetenland Czechs refused and asked France for help

5. Munich Conference France, Britain, Italy and Germany met at the Munich Conference in Sep. of 1938 Gave Hitler the Sudetenland to try to protect the peace In return, Hitler agreed to respect Czechoslovakia’s new borders

6. Czechoslovakia Less than 6 months after the Munich Conference, Hitler took Czechoslovakia March 1939

7. Non-Aggression Pact Britain and France grew worried Asked the Soviet Union to join them in stopping Hitler While Stalin negotiated with Britain and France, he also negotiated with Hitler Finally, Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact on Aug. 23, 1939

8. Poland Now that Hitler had the Soviet Union on his side, he quickly moved ahead with his plans to conquer Poland Surprise attack – Sep 1, 1939

9. War! France and Britain finally declared war on Germany on Sep 3, 1939 Couldn’t stop Hitler before he took Poland War had officially begun – but it would be over 6 months before Britain and France would really start fighting

Mnemonic to help you remember the 9 steps Rabidly racist Adolf suddenly made countries need powerful weapons. (Re-Arms, Rhineland, Anschluss, Sudetenland, Munich, Czechoslovakia, Non-Aggression, Poland, War)

WWII Map MAP QUIZ in the coming weeks (probably the end of next week) You will need 4 different colors Label ALL Nations Use textbook pages 928 & 943 to label north Africa Shade the countries corresponding to four categories: Axis nations in 1939 Axis controlled in 1941 Allied nations Neutral nations Be careful when shading the USSR (Divide between Allied & Axis powers)