History Through Literature

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Presentation transcript:

History Through Literature II. The Battle of New Orleans

James Madison Father of the Constitution Small of stature, light of weight, bald of head, and weak of voice Dealing with Jefferson’s problems and Europe at war (Napoleon v. Europe) US currently not trading with anyone – hurting economically.

War Hawks Many Congressmen want war with Britain British were arming Indians, taking sailors, not allowing us to trade with anyone, and still have not left Northwest Territory (Revolutionary war) in Detroit. Needed to fight to protect itself, protect the experiment of the Republic. Declared War on June 1st, 1812.

War of 1812 (Second War of Independence) US has a chance because most British fighting in Europe US quickly invades Canada – loses all the battles US actually did well at sea – the USS Constitution (Old Ironside) (free men, not press men) Commodore Oliver Perry (not Matthew) wins in Lake Erie, “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” US defended New York from attack – Could have split New England (Hartford Convention) off the US. (Thomas Macdonough: saved New York State) Washington DC was burned but Fort McHenry was defended – Francis Scott Key Then – Napoleon is defeated – British can send crack troops here – oh no

Treaty of Ghent US was already meeting with Britain in Belgium John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay – double dose. British sent second team Armistice signed – all territory returned – not at war – a draw

Andrew Jackson Born is NC or SC – from Tennessee 14 year old in the Revolutionary War – captured and wounded by a sword – developed an intense hatred of the British (big mistake by the British) Became a lawyer, Congressman, Senator, militia general (no training), and slave-owner Became an extremely aggressive and tough leader

The Battle of New Orleans The treaty was signed but had not yet been brought back to the US British sent 10,000 crack troops against Andrew Jackson (no military training) and his 7,000 group of regulars, pirates, French, freemen, slaves, and militia. British made a full frontal assault – over in 20 min – British took 2,000 casualties, US under 50

Legacy of War of 1812 Minor – only 6,000 US casualties compared to 500,000 in Europe The Republic showed it would resist grievous wrongs Europe developed a new respect for US fighting prowess US united a little more New war heroes became presidents – Jackson and Harrison Indians lost the Ohio valley Canadians felt betrayed by Britain – got closer to their own independence

Ambrose on the Battle of New Orleans and Andre Jackson Battle saved American self-respect at home and gave the US prestige abroad. Jackson was superb Even though Jackson was bad towards Indian, he is a great man Brought a hodge podge group of soldiers together to save the US If the US lost, the British would have ignored the treaty, taken much of the West, and had already taken Mobile Alabama.