Industrialization and Urbanization

Vocabulary Industrialization Factory machines replace hand held tools Urbanization Movement from farms to cities Manufacturing To make or process into a finished product Interchangeable Parts Parts that are exactly alike Factory System A method of production that brought many workers and machines together under one roof Tariff A tax on imported goods designed to protect domestic made products Innovation A new: idea way of doing something device Canal An artificial waterway used for travel or shipping

Factory System: A method of production that brought many workers and machines together under one roof Samuel Slater’s Mills: first spinning mill, hired children 7-12, low wages, later hired whole families Lowell’s Mills: spun raw cotton into yarn, then wove it into cloth; hired women who lived in company boarding houses These early successes contributed to the growth of manufacturing in the U.S.!!!!!!!

Why did Manufacturing Start First in New England?? Long, cold winters and poor soil made agriculture less important and people more willing to work in factories Many swift moving rivers and streams provided power Trade, shipping and good ports were already part of New England’s economy and made transporting finished goods easier Remember the three requirements for industrialization to begin: Capital ($ + Raw materials) Workers Transportation

Textile Mill The Lowell factory system was designed to bring work and workers together. A typical Lowell textile mill in 1830 housed 4,500 spindles, 120 power looms, and more than 200 employees under one roof.

The Rise of Technology: Inventors ELI WHITNEY- Invention(s)/Innovation(s) Impact of invention Interchangeable Parts-parts that are exactly the same. These sped up production, made repairs easy and allowed the use lower-paid, less-skilled workers. Cotton Gin-made cotton cleaning process far more efficient. One worker could clean as much as 50 pounds of cotton a day. The Cotton Gin leads to the GROWTH of slavery!!!!

Robert Fulton Invention(s)/Innovation(s) Impact of invention Steamboat- Steam powered boat that made travel time shorter and that could go against current The Steamboat makes transporting goods cheaper, faster, more reliable and more efficient.

John Deere Invention(s)/Innovation(s) Impact of invention Steel Plow- Made planting easier, tilled the soil faster Increased farm production

Cyrus McCormick Invention(s)/ Innovation(s) Impact of invention Reaper- Mechanically harvests grain Threshing Machine - Mechanically separates the edible part from the rest Food production increases Need for farm workers decreases Where do you think unemployed farm workers will go??

Samuel Morse Invention(s)/Innovation(s) Impact of invention Telegraph- Messages could be sent long distances in a short amount of time using electricity Helped in business, transportation, news reporting, and military

Monroe’s American System Establish a protective tariff Re-establish a National Bank Improve the country’s transportation system

Transportation New systems result of the Industrial Revolution Roads canals steamboats trains Transportation connected the country better and strengthened nationalism

The Erie Canal

Erie Canal - connects Hudson R. to Lake Erie Hudson R. - flows south through eastern NY to NY City Ohio R. River - flows southwest from the Appalachian Mts. to the Mississippi River Mississippi River - flows south from the Great Plains to the Gulf of Mexico

Erie Canal completed in 1825

The Industrial Revolution was not an isolated event.

Court Cases McCullough vs. Maryland: Maryland legislature taxed a branch of the 2nd National Bank. The National bank was unpopular since it competed with state banks. James McCullough, the federal bank's cashier did not pay the taxes. Maryland sued for payment. Supreme Court Ruled: States cannot tax the federal bank

Court Cases Gibbons vs. Ogden Ogden had been granted a monopoly to operate a steamboat between New York and New Jersey. Gibbons was granted a similar license by the Federal Government. Ogden sued to stop Gibbons from competing with him. Supreme Court Rule: Stated only federal govt. can regulate interstate commerce Importance of both cases: increase the power of the national government

What do I need to study for quiz? Cotton Gin-who invented it, impact on nation Gibbons Vs. Ogden-decision, impact on nation McCullough Vs. Maryland-decision, impact on nation How did transportation affect the national economy? Factories: where were they located? Why? American System-its 3 part, and impact on nation Monroe Doctrine and how it’s related to Washington’s Farewell Address