AIM: How did the Ming reestablish rule in China? DO NOW: Review: Dynasty, Dynastic cycle, Mandate of Heaven

Fall of the Yuan Dynasty (1260-1368) 1331 - Bubonic Plague helped end the rule of the Mongols in China Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, the ventures of Marco Polo from Venice

Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644 Important Vocabulary: White Lotus Society Red Turban Rebellion Hongwu Yongle Emperor Forbidden City

BKWLQ Graphic Organizer BACKGROUND (Historical Context) What you KNOW (Analysis) What you WANT to know What you LEARNED New QUESTIONS  

DO NOW: What do you recall about Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism? AIM: How did the “Three Teachings” affect the structures of society and government in Ming China? DO NOW: What do you recall about Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism?

Neo- confucianism Rationalist & secular form of Confucianism Rejecting superstitious and mystical elements of Daoism and Buddhism Universe could be understood through human reason Up to humanity to create a harmonious relationships between the universe and the individual

Neo - Confucianism Critical of Daoism and Buddhism Unlike Buddhists, the Neo-Confucians believed that reality existed, and could be understood by humankind YET borrowed concepts from Daoism & Buddhism Suspicion of new technology and foreigners Very conservative – emphasis on social rank, obligation, morality, limited role for women

Ming Society Neo-Confucian hierarchy based on four groups: Shi: military commanders, bureaucrats, scholars Nong: peasant farmers Gong: artisans, craftsmen Shang: merchants, traders Hongwu emperor’s need for military strength resulted in better status for military. Normally, good deeds are prized over military honor in Confucianism.

Ming Government After the Yuan Dynasty, Confucianism became main political philosophy. Civil service exam based on Confucian texts were brought back. Many emperors were criticized for bringing other religions into leadership Unlike previous dynasties, women were not given any power in government Da Ming Lu – Hongwu emperor’s Confucian legal code. 3rd bullet: ex – Yongle emperor interested in Tibetan Buddhism. Chenghua and Jiajing emperors were Daoists. 4th bullet: the Wu Dynasty was led by an empress.

AIM: how DID THE Ming INTERACT WITH THE WORLD? Do now: If the Chinese had “discovered” and settled in the United States rather than Europeans how would your life be different? (religiously, culturally, POLITICALLY, ETC.)

Late Ming period Hongwu’s influential & authoritarian rule set up 3 centuries of prosperity and stability to China As ego grows, so does human geography Great Wall, Grand Canal

International diplomacy Self-confidence grew = embark on ambitious program of reconstruction Becomes aggressive  attack on Mongolia & Annam (Vietnam) Want recognition from rulers of faraway states SO? = between 1405-1433, launch 6 large scale maritime expeditions to SE Asia, East Africa & Arabia

Zheng He Muslim of Mongol descent, captured by the Ming as a boy Purpose of voyages = to confirm China’s domination over world Collect tribute - “strictly diplomatic” mission China is center of the world = ETHNOCENTRISM? Results = Records were destroyed, Global trade surges (interest in China magnifies), Ahead, so no reason for further contact (!)

Collapse Peasants revolt! Why? Crop failures Army’s discipline problems Slowdown on technology/creativity Rebel leader, Li Zicheng, takes Beijing unopposed = Emperor commits suicide Ming military call on Manchu’s help (they do) BUT they seize throne and proclaim themselves rulers of China