The Early Cold War Years

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Presentation transcript:

The Early Cold War Years

The Long Telegram February 22, 1946  George Kennan responded to the request for information on Moscow with the Long Telegram, a 5,540 word message Soviet view point came from “traditional Russian sense of insecurity” and was intensified by Marxist thought

The Long Telegram Stated that the United States need to practice “a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies” Containment  keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions

Crisis in Iran March 1946  the Soviet troops in Iran had not left following WWII like promised Stalin began to demand some of Iran’s oil supply Americans viewed these actions as a Soviet push into the Middle East Secretary of State sent a strong message to Stalin to withdraw Soviet troops withdrew after pressure from the USS Missouri

The Truman Doctrine Stalin turned towards Turkey after his defeat in the Middle East August 1946  Stalin demanded joint control of the Dardanelles with Turkey President Truman ordered the aircraft carrier Franklin D. Roosevelt to join the USS Missouri in protecting Turkey

The Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947  Truman asked for $400 million to fight communism in Turkey and Greece Truman Doctrine  aid “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”

The Marshall Plan June 1947  Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed the European Recovery Program, or Marshall Plan Gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies Truman saw this and the Truman Doctrine as two halves of a whole in fighting communism Marshall Plan was offered to Eastern Europe, but they refused the aid and instead, the Soviets developed their own economic program

The Berlin Airlift US officials determined that the Soviets were trying to undermine Germany’s economy United States, France, and Great Britain merged their zones of Germany and Berlin

Berlin Airlift June 1948  Soviet Union cut off all road and rail traffic to West Berlin Berlin Airlift  June 1948-Spring 1949, American forces flew in supplies to the people of West Berlin Stalin lifted the blockade on May 2, 1949

NATO American public wanted an alliance with Western Europe April 1949  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created Initially included 12 countries: United States, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Iceland NATO was a mutual defense alliance Soviets responded with the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance with Eastern Europe