The study of Poetry (Part 2: Imagery) Dima Abduljabbar Department of English Umm AlQura University

POETIC SUBGENERES AND KINDS The study of poetry When you study (analyze) a poem, you need to focus on certain elements like POETRY FORM OR STURCTURE DICTION IMAGERY POETIC SUBGENERES AND KINDS SOUND Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

IMAGERY: Descriptive & figurative Descriptive Imagery “all of the references to sensory perception” Figurative (Rhetorical) Imagery: “a conscious departure from normal conventional ways of saying things. Such unusual use of language is called the “rhetorical” figure of speech.” Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Imagery: descriptive Each one of the following senses creates the below relevant descriptive image: Sight Visual Hearing Auditory Smell Olfactory Touch Tactile Taste Gustatory Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Descriptive imagery: an exercise Let us analyze the descriptive imagery of the stanza below: And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Descriptive imagery: an exercise And we will sit upon the rocks, (Tactile) Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, (Visual) By shallow rivers to whose falls (Auditory, Visual, Tactile) Melodious birds sing madrigals. (Auditory) Do not you smell nature here? Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery To achieve “color, vividness, and intensity” writers sometimes consciously create imagery using specific figurative or rhetorical devices such as Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe A comparison of two things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, than, or a verb such as resembles. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe An analogy that claims similarity between things that are essentially unlike, but eliminates the comparative words and thus equates the compared items. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Love is a sickness full of woes, Figurative imagery O my Luve is like a red, red rose      That’s newly sprung in June;. Love is a sickness full of woes, All remedies refusing. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe When the writer pretends that a non-human subject has the attributes of human being. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery The wind stood up and gave a shout. He whistled on his fingers and Kicked the withered leaves about And thumped the branches with his hand And said that he'd kill and kill, And so he will and so he will. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Hyperbole (overstatement): is a figure of speech where an emphasis is through a statement containing exaggeration. Oxymoron: is a condensed form of PARADOX is which two contradictory words are used together. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery The sea him lent those bitter tears  Which at his eyes he always wears;  And from the winds the sighs he bore,  Which through his surging breast do roar. I find no peace, and all my war is done I fear and hope, I burn and freeze like ice, I flee above the wind, yet can I not arise; And naught I have and all the world I season. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe Metonymy is a figure of speech the name of a thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of a thing stands for the whole of it or vice versa. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Metonymy Synecdoche Figurative imagery “Lend me your ears.” “The White House decided” “Give me a hand” “Seek knowledge from cradle to grave.” “The pen is mightier than a sword.” Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe The SYMBOL is a concrete OBJECT that stands for an abstract idea. We may also have SYMBOLIC ACTIONS. The meaning of a symbol is left open and is usually only suggested. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery A red rose is usually symbolic of love. It might also be a symbol of blood. The apple is symbolic of knowledge and it can be symbolic of Sin. Raising/Lowering a country’s flag is a symbolic action that suggest different meanings. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe An ALLUSION is an indirect reference to any well-known person, place, or thing-fictitious, historical, or actual. An allusion is a reference that may require a background knowledge. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery “To say: ‘I am Lazarus, come from the dead, Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all —” “So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay.” “Chocolate is my Achille's heel”. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery Simile Metaphor Personification Oxymoron Hyperbole Metonymy & synecdoche Symbol Allusion Apostrophe An APOSTROPHE is a way of addressing someone or something that is not expected to give an answer. Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

Figurative imagery “With how sad steps, O moon, thou climb’st the skies; How silently, and with how wan a face.” “Death, be not proud […] Death, thou shalt die” Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa

End of Presentation Introduction to Literature, 2018 daabduljabbar@uqu.edu.sa