Poetry Ms. Dietsch

Purpose of Poetry Poetry has existed before most people were literate. It was used to tell stories (orally) It has developed into many different forms over the years- and more recently has become a lot less structured. Typically, poetry is meant to be read aloud.

Types of Poems You may already know: Haiku – a three-line Japanese poetic form in the lines follow the pattern of five syllables in the first line, seven syllables in the second line, and five syllables in the third line. Limerick – a five-line poem that follows a specific rhyme scheme and rhythm. The first, second, and fifth lines rhyme. Third and fourth lines rhyme. Limericks are usually funny or silly. Lines 1, 2, & 5= 8 syllables Lines 3 & 4= 5 syllables

Types of Poems Lyric – a poem that express the speaker’s thoughts or feelings and creates a single, imaginative impression on the reader. Many poems can be classified as lyric poems including sonnets, ballads, and odes. Originally, lyric poems were set to music (Greeks played the lyre while singing the poem). Ballad – a poem that tells a story; ballads are usually sung Ode – a long, serious poem in praise of something Sonnet – a very structured fourteen-line poem that follows a specific rhyme structure and rhythm. Italian sonnet-an eight-line octave and a six-line sestet, rhyming abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd. English sonnet or Shakespearean sonnet- arranged as three quatrians and a final couplet, rhyming: abab cdcd efef gg

Types of Poems (not as structured) Narrative poem – a poem that tells the sequence of events of a story. Free verse – poetry that doesn’t follow any specific patterns in rhythm, rhyme scheme, or line length; free verse may contain rhymes, but they are not used in a prescribed manner

Types of Poems: Found Poem- Found poems take existing texts and refashion them, reorder them, and present them as poems. The literary equivalent of a collage, found poetry is often made from newspaper articles, street signs, graffiti, speeches, letters, or even other poems. Regular Blackout Poetry

Poetry Terms: Form Sound Literary Elements Figures of Speech or Figurative Language

Poetic Form Terms: Stress- is the emphasis that falls on certain syllables and not others; the arrangement of stresses within a poem is the foundation of poetic rhythm. Rhythm- (the beat) The recurrence of accent or stress in lines of verse Meter-The measured pattern of rhythmic accents in poems iamb- one unstressed syllable, followed by one stressed syllable (ex: to-DAY) iambic pentameter: 5 iambs

Poetic Form Terms: Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyming words (ex: abab) Types of Rhyme: Slant Rhyme- consonance and assonance Identical Rhyme- same word repeated Perfect Rhyme- last syllable stress match exactly (lime, rhyme) Imperfect Rhyme- last syllables are off a little (wing, caring) Alternate Rhyme- every other line, the last word rhymes

Poetic Form Terms: Stanza- A division or unit of a poem that is repeated in the same form Couplet- two successive lines that rhyme Blank Verse- iambic pentameter without rhyming Free verse- no meter

Poetry Sound Terms: Alliteration- the repetition of the first sound of a word; for example “Sally sells sea shells” Assonance- (Slant Rhyme)similar vowel sounds in words that end with different consonants; for example: “Wanders and watches, with eager ears” from “Paul Revere’s Ride” by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Consonance – (Slant Rhyme) similar consonant sounds at the ends of words, i.e. “blank, think, tank” Onomatopoeia -the use of words to imitate the sounds they describe (ex: oink, meow, whoosh, splat).

Assonance example: Oh, there goes Rabbit, he choked He's so mad, but he won't give up that easy, no He won't have it, he knows his whole back's to these ropes It don't matter, he's dope He knows that, but he's broke He's so stagnant that he knows When he goes back to his mobile home, That's when it's back to the lab again yo -Eminem

Literary Elements in Poems: Tone- the attitude the speaker has toward the subject matter (formal, informal, humorous, serious, etc.) Imagery-the primary images or pictures the author uses to convey meaning in a poem Theme- the author's view on life and people; a universal idea. Theme is NOT a lesson to be learned. Theme is NOT the moral of the story. Setting

Figures of Speech/Figurative Language Metaphor Simile Personification Hyperbole- an exaggeration Irony (all forms) Allusion- a reference to another work of literature or art