Cell Parts and Functions Flash Card Notes

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Cell Membrane Structure: Functions Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates Thin, flexible barrier Selectively Permeable Functions Separates cell from surroundings Regulates molecules into/out of cell (food, water, wastes, etc.) Found in all cells

Cell Wall Structure: Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) and proteins Rigid wall outside of cell membrane Function: Support and protect Allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances to pass through * Found only in plant, fungi, and algae cells, NOT in animals

Nucleus Function: Components: Stores DNA (chromatin), hereditary info for cell Controls cell activities Components: Nuclear Envelope: bilayer lipid membrane that surrounds nucleus and has pores or holes to allow materials to move in/out of nucleus Nucleolus: Small dense region that makes ribosomes Found in plant and animal cells

Ribosomes Structure: Function: Most numerous cell part Made of RNA and protein Function: Synthesis of Proteins (make proteins) Found in plant and animal cells

Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure: Internal membrane system Stacks of flattened sacs Rough: has ribosomes- gives a bumpy appearance Smooth: no ribosomes- looks smooth

Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (contin.) Function: Intracellular highway—moves molecules around the cell Rough: chemically changes proteins made by ribosomes, sends proteins to Golgi for export Smooth: synthesizes lipids and cell membrane parts, detox Found in plant and animal cells

Golgi Apparatus Structure: Function: Stacks of flattened membranes Processing, packaging, and secreting proteins Attach carbs and lipids to proteins Send proteins to their final destinations Found in plant and animal cells

Lysosome Structure: Functions: Small sac which contains hydrolytic enzymes Not in plants Functions: Digest proteins, carbs, and lipids, DNA or RNA in cell Removes debris: digests old organelle or viruses and bacteria

Vacuole Structure: Function: Large sac filled with enzymes, water, and wastes In plants: VERY large – takes up most of cell In animals: small – store extra materials Function: Storage Vesicles: small vacuoles involved in transporting substances within cells

Chloroplast Structure: Function: Saclike structure that contains chlorophyll (a green pigment) Function: Photosynthesis: Changes sunlight energy to sugar Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria NOT found in animals

Mitochondria Structure: Function: Has 2 membranes “Cellular Respiration: releases energy from food molecules to power cell (growth, movement, development, etc.) Found in plant and animal cells

Centrioles Structure: A pair of small organelles made of microtubuless Function: Help in the formation of the spindle fibers used in cell division Only found in animal cells