Cradle of Civilization MENA is very important historically.

ANCIENT EGYPT

A View of Egypt by Satellite

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. New Kingdom >>> died young, found intact Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. New Kingdom>>>expands empire into Mesopotamia Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. New Kingdom >>> brings peace after expansion

Mummification Step by Step Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife when someone died.  Mummification helped someone reach the afterlife as they thought that, in order to have an afterlife, the dead person would have to repossess his or her body. Egyptians believed that the only way to do this was if the body was recognizable. Mummification was mainly done to wealthy people as poorer people could not afford the process. The chief embalmer was a priest wearing a mask of Anubis. Anubis was the jackal headed god of the dead. This is the step-by-step process* of how mummification took place:   Insert a hook through a hole near the nose and pull out part of the brain Make a cut on the left side of the body near the tummy Remove all internal organs Let the internal organs dry Place the lungs, intestines, stomach and liver inside canopic jars Place the heart back inside the body Rinse inside of body with wine and spices Cover the corpse with natron (salt) for 70 days After 40 days stuff the body with linen or sand to give it a more human shape After the 70 days wrap the body from head to toe in bandages Place in a sarcophagus (a type of box like a coffin) If the person had been a Pharaoh, he would be placed inside his special burial chamber with lots of treasure!

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara Built during the 27th century BCE for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser. It is the central feature of a vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration. This first Egyptian pyramid consisted of six mastabas (of decreasing size) built atop one another in what were clearly revisions and developments of the original plan.

Giza Pyramid Complex http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E. Tomb found completely intact in 1922! http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/king-tuts-tomb

Treasures From Tut’s Tomb

The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut 1473-1458 B. C. E.

Abu Simbel: Monument to Ramses II 1279-1213 B. C. E.

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Wigs

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA

Solving Problems Through Organization Irrigation ditches: carried river water to their fields and allowed them to produce a surplus of crops. For defense, they built city walls with mud bricks. Traded their grain, cloth, and crafted tools with the peoples of the mountains and the desert. In exchange, they received raw materials such as stone, wood, and metal.

The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

Sumerians at Sumer First groups of people to form a civilization 5 key characteristics set Sumer apart (1) advanced cities, (2) specialized workers, (3) complex institutions, (4) record keeping, and (5) improved technology All later peoples in this region built upon the innovations of Sumerian civilization (Babylonians, Assyrians, Akkiadians…) CIVILIZATION!

D:\Animations\whs05_01_22.html

Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

The Sumerians http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-ancient-sumerians

Hammurabi’s Code: 1st code of law!!! The Babylonians: Hammurabi’s Code: 1st code of law!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hicmDTSOhhQ

ANCIENT PERSIA

Two of Persia’s best known culture markers are the Royal Road and also Persepolis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHiawE84Kls

Ancient Persepolis

Persian Archers & Soldiers

Palmyra Located in Syria. Dates to 2000 BCE Cultural city historically used by Greeks, Romans, and Persians.

All of it destroyed by ISIS

ISIS posts videos about destruction: http://www. cnn CBS Sunday Morning video 2 minutes on ISIS and why it destroys the past:   http://www.cbsnews.com/news/passage-the-destruction-of-history/   Archaeologists in Syria try to save artifacts from ISIS: 4 minutes     http://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-palmyra-syria-unesco-world-heritage-site/ Why they destroyed Palmyra (actually call it a crossroads in the video and that what is so cool about it is that it has some Assyrian, Greek, Roman, and Persian influence and they talk about how they wanted to “take it from the tourists and from history to erase anything that predates Islam”)  4 minutes     http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/isis-destroys-historic-ruins-in-palmyra-syria/

HBO Vice: Egyptian Tomb Raiders