Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Two-Particle Azimuthal Correlation of Identified Particle in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC-PHENIX ShinIchi Esumi for the PHENIX collaboration Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan Contents Jet-Suppression and Modification Mach-cone and Ridge Identified Particle Correlation Correlation w.r.t. Reaction Plane SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Use Jet as a probe of High-Energy and Density Matter Jet in p+p, d+Au or Peripheral Au+Au Collision as a Base Line Subtraction of Non-Correlated BG in Central Heavy-Ion Collisions  Au + Au d + Au  p + p Au + Au SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Jet suppression modification with 2-particle  correlation jet p Au RHIC 200GeV SPS 17GeV RHIC 62GeV PHENIX nucl-ex/0611019 S.Kniege, ISMD 2007 SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Transverse Momentum (Trigger, Associate) Dependence of Jet Shape arXiv:0801.4545 Suppression in both near/away side peak at high pT Enhancement in near side peak at low pT Development of away side shoulder at low pT No pT dependence of shoulder peak position SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Dq*=p Df*=0 PHENIX Preliminary Cone like Jets Deflected Jets jet p Au 3-particle correlation “Df12 vs Df13” d+Au Collisions Both measurements prefer Mach-cone scenario. (1-2)/2 Au+Au Central 0-12% Cone angle (radians) No pT dependence, too. STAR Preliminary (1-2)/2 pT (GeV/c) STAR Preliminary SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi d+Au, 200 GeV Au+Au, 200 GeV STAR QM06 “jet” Ridge Df(rad) Dh p+p, peripheral Au+Au central Au+Au PHENIX QM08 SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Centrality Dependence of Ridge and Shoulder Yield and <pT> QM08 PHENIX Both ridge and shoulder yields increase linearly with Npart. Similar (flat) centrality dependence on inverse slope parameter for both ridge and shoulder. Jet (p+p) like pT shape is harder than ridge, ridge is harder than shoulder, shoulder is similar to inclusive. SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

TInclusive ~ TShoulder ~ TRidge < TJet STAR Preliminary QM06 inclusive ridge jet QM08 Both ridge and shoulder <pT> are almost independent with centrality and trigger pT selections. It’s just like a bulk matter… suspicious on BG(bulk) subtraction… but this is what we see… SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

data - fit (except same-side peak) QM08 STAR 83-94% 55-65% Large change within ~10% centrality 46-55% STAR Preliminary Smaller change from transition to most central 0-5% STAR Preliminary STAR Preliminary STAR Preliminary ηΔ width Shape changes little from peripheral to the transition longitudinal (density correlation length Peak Amplitude Peak η Width Peak φ Width STAR Preliminary STAR Preliminary STAR Preliminary 200 GeV 62 GeV Extracted 2-D near-side Gaussian parameters are shown. The strong  width change vs centrality should have a relation to the ridge formation. binary scaling assumption in Kharzeev and Nardi model HIJING 1.382 default 200 GeV, quench off Centrality SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Hadron trigger with identified associate Baryon/Meson arXiv:0712.3033 Near/Away-side B/M ratio increases in central Away-side B/M ratios approach inclusive values Incompatible with in-vacuum fragmentation SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Identified 0 trigger with associate hadron QM08 PHENIX 7-9 (X) 4-5 60-90% 7-9 (X) 1-2 0-20% PHENIX preliminary 7-9 (X) 4-5 40-60% 7-9 (X) 4-5 20-40% 7-9 (X) 4-5 0-20% 7-9 (X) 6-8 40-60% Width does not change with centrality similar to charged hadron triggered case. SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi QM08 PHENIX Direct  trigger with associate hadron pT, photon GeV Per-Trigger Yield (A.U.) Run 6 p+p @ 200 GeV 1/Ntrig dN/dDf (A.U.) p+p: Consistent with trigger photon carrying the full jet energy, away side jets are similar between 0 and  triggers. Run 7 Au+Au @ 200 GeV, cent=0~20%, preliminary Run 4/5 p+p/Au+Au @ 200 GeV Need more studies and statistics for Au+Au case. SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

 = associate - trigger (rad) Jet modification and geometry (and v2) QM04: STAR QM08: STAR, PHENIX STAR 3<pTtrig<4GeV/c & 1.0<pTasso<1.5GeV/c 20-60% Mach-cone shape depends on R.P. angle. Mach-cone is a source of of v2  = associate - trigger (rad) SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Ridge/Cone and geometry (v2) Au+Au, 200 GeV Jet Ridge Shoulder (cone) Head () Df Df Dh “jet” STAR Ridge v2 Df(rad) Dh Ridge shape depends on R.P. angle. Ridge is a source of of v2 Jet does not depends on it Jet reduces v2 QM08 STAR 3<pTtrig<4, 1.5<pTtrig<2.0 GeV/c Ridge STAR Preliminary Jet SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi -p 0 p In order to study the jet modification (mach-cone, ridge) and it’s relation with almond geometry in more detail… y y associate particle direction at same |Df| w.r.t. red dashed line but with different arrow length (1) (4) (3) (2) Df>0 x(R.P.) x(R.P.) associate particle direction at same |Df| w.r.t. trigger particle but with different arrow length (3) Df>0 (2) (2) Df<0 Df<0 Trigger particle (4) Trigger particle (1) Df=fASSO.-fTRIG. with and without R.P. aligned event mixing SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Summary and Conclusion The PHENIX Collaboration 14 Countries 69 Institutions Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, People's Republic of China Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China Charles University, Ovocnytrh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307, Nantes, France Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H - 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea KAERI, Cyclotron Application Laboratory, Seoul, South Korea Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, South Korea Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden Summary and Conclusion 2- and 3- particle correlation and transverse momentum dependence of jet-modification tells us that it is likely a mach-cone. Mach-cone and ridge are almost as soft as inclusive particles. Identified particle (baryon, meson, p0, g) correlation measurements in PHENIX Mach-cone and ridge w.r.t. reaction plane angle tells us that this is a part of v2 Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, U.S. Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S. Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S. University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S. Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, U.S. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, U.S. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, U.S. Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S. Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, U.S. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S. Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9337, U.S. Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104-5586, U.S. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S. RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, U.S. Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, SUNY, NY 11794-3400, U.S. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, U.S. SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi Extra and Back-up Slides SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi System Size and Beam Energy Dependence of Jet Shape nucl-ex/0611019 No energy dependence (62 ~ 200GeV) Rapid change between Npart = 0 ~ 100 Almost no change above Npart > 100 SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Identified Baryon/Meson trigger with associate hadron Enhanced near-side yield can not be explained by soft process like thermal recombination alone. PRC 71 051902 2.4<pTTrig<4 GeV/c 1.7< pTAsso<2.5 GeV/c SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi

Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi ave (1)~(8) R.P. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Pure Flow Simulation with trigger angle selection w.r.t. R.P. with/without R.P. aligned event mixing ave (1),(8) ave (2),(7) ave (3),(6) ave (4),(5) without R.P. aligned event mixing (1) (8) (2) (7) (3) (6) (4) (5) (1) (8) (2) (7) (3) (6) (4) (5) with R.P. aligned event mixing SQM08 Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China, 9/Oct/2008 Univ. of Tsukuba, ShinIchi Esumi