Aim: Transatlantic Encounters: What are some effects of colonization in the Americas? 1) Do Now – Why would Columbus go West to get to Asia/India? 2) The first encounters take place 3) Columbian Exchange Begins 4) Conclusion – Impact on Native Americans and Africa 5) Observe and analyze photos of Columbus’s arrival

Meme of the day

Christopher Columbus Vikings are first Europeans to land in N.A., not Columbus Greenland in late 900s, Canada in 1000 Settlers left after three years Christopher Columbus Dreams of reaching India by crossing Atlantic Convinces Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to fund voyage

“in 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue” Columbus cont. Miscalculates the diameter of the world and distance to India In Oct 1492 his crew lands on an island in the Caribbean Taino – group of natives that Columbus first meets [Taino – “noble ones” Names the island San Salvador He believes he is in India “in 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue”

First Impressions offered by Columbus “They are friendly and well-dispositioned people who bear no arms” “They traded and gave everything they had with good will” 2 DAYS LATER “It would be unnecessary to build a forte here because these people are so simple in deeds of arms… If your highness order either to bring castile or to hold all of them as captives on their own island it could easily be done, because with about 50 men you could control and subjugate them all, making them do whatever you want”

Columbus cont. Founds the colony La Navidad in Hispaniola and leaves for Spain Upon his return learns men acted wildly in his absence and have been killed by Indians Some Indians are enslaved, others sent to Europe to be slave labor

Colonization When Columbus came back he brought 17 ships with 700 soldiers, 5 priests, and 1000 colonists. This group would first occupy the Caribbean and impose their will on the American people. Colonization – the establishment of distant settlements controlled by the parent country

Columbian Exchange - Exchange of products and species between old world and new world

Columbian Exchange Disease Livestock Grains Grapes Coffee Bean Went to the Americas Went to Europe, Africa, Asia Disease Livestock Grains Grapes Coffee Bean Citrus Fruit Slaves Tobacco Tomatoes Potatoes Sweet Potatoes Peppers Coco Corn Turkey

Biological Exchange Spread of European diseases to New World Native Americans had no resistance Influenza, measles, chicken pox, mumps, typhus Smallpox killed millions 95% of entire Aztec population died within a few years of contact More than any army disease would conquer the native people throughout the Americas.

How is this picture evidence of the Columbian Exchange?

Talk to your neighbor What are some effects of the long term consequences of Columbus’s encounters in the Americas? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GD3dgiDreGc&t=85s How do you feel about Columbus? Does the good outweigh the bad?

The slave trade begins With disease reducing the native work force, European settlers turned to Africa for slaves. In the coming years, European slave ships would haul hundreds of thousands of Africans across the Atlantic to toil in the Americas. “The labor of one . . . [African] . . . [is] more valuable than that of four Indians; every effort should be made to bring many” Las Casas

Consequences still felt in Africa AFRICAN LOSSES The Atlantic slave trade would devastate many African societies, which lost many of their fittest members. Before the slave trade ended in the 1800s, it would drain Africa of at least 12 million people. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NXC4Q_4JVg