From Hunter-Foragers to Settled Societies Chapter 1 AP World History From Hunter-Foragers to Settled Societies Chapter 1

What is prehistory? The things that happened to humans before their was written records. It is a lot like a vast black space penetrated by only an occasional pinpoint of light, representing our current knowledge. 2

Hunter Gatherers Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers. Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E. larger brain tools, weapons Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.: Hunting-gathering Art Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, the Americas.

The development of human creatures. A human like creature, or hominid, was walking about in East Africa more than 5.5 million years ago, by latest reckoning. 4

What is the difference between a human and an ape? Deviations in bone structures of the foot and hand, the size of the brain, and the use of language. 5

The Paleolithic Age The appearance of the first tool making hominids about 10,000 B.C.E. Also known as the Old Stone Age. (paleo = old; lithos = stone) Seventeen varieties of hominid evolved. All of them became extinct between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago. 6

Human Life before Agriculture Paleolithic Culture : Old Stone Age to 14,000 Y.A. Homo sapiens sapiens c. 240,000, Y.A. Late Paleolithic Developments: Variety Bands of hunter-gatherers Agricultural settlements Gender division of labor: Men: hunting, fishing, defense Women: gathering, making medicine Spread from Africa c. 750,000 Y.A.

Neanderthal Man EXTINCT Flourished in Western Germany about 30,000 years ago and then disappeared about the same time that Homo Sapiens appeared in Europe. EXTINCT 9

What is civilization? “Civilization is a movement and not a condition, a voyage and not a harbor.” (Arnold J. Toynbee) A complex, developed culture usually associated with specific achievements. Urban, monumental building, writing, specialized, occupations 10

How did civilization begin? People began to grow food instead of chasing or gathering food. This began to happen about (8000-5000 B.C.E) *The Agricultural Revolution. 11

What does stationary agriculture do for a society? CREATES Urban living. Law. Government officials. Writing. Military forces. Socioeconomic classes. 13

What are the four river societies where civilizations began? Mesopotamia. (Fertile Crescent) Nile River Valley. Indus River valley. Yellow River valley. 14

Results of the Agricultural Revolution. A steadily expanding population that lived in permanent settlements. It created the concept of “mine versus thine.” Privately owned property. Specialization of jobs and labor. 15

The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E. The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution: Hunting-and-gathering persists Pastoralism Sub-Saharan Africa: root and tree crops Northern China: Millet Rice Southeast Asia, to China, India, islands Mesoamerica, Peru: Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes Bronze Age Spread of Agriculture: