How and why do we study Matter?

Aim: To DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN matter based on its PROPERTIES and INTERACTIONS

Vocabulary Matter, mixture, pure substance, element, compound, Homogeneous, heterogeneous chemical reaction Solute, solvent, solution

What is matter?

What is matter? Matter is anything that has MASS and VOLUME MASS – amount of matter in a substance VOLUME – amount of space matter takes up What isn’t matter?

What ISN'T matter? Energy (light, sound, heat)

CHEMISTRY  CHEMISTRY is the study of matter.

How can we Describe Matter? Matter can be described by its Physical and Chemical Properties

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Properties or characteristics that can be measured or observed without matter changing to a different substance.  Properties you can see, hear, smell, or feel with your senses. 

Types of Physical Properties Qualitative properties – Descriptions: Eg. Flavor, colour, texture, hardness, sound Quantitative  properties – Can be measured. Eg. mass, volume, melting point, solubility, boiling point,

Describe some physical properties of a Strawberry

Physical Properties PHYSICAL PROPERTY DEFINITION States of Matter solid, liquid, and gas. When a substance changes its state, it does not change into another substance. Eg. ice (solid), water (liquid), and steam (gas) are all the same compound Melting and Boiling points MP = temperature a substance turns from solidliquid BP = temperature a liquid  gas     Malleability Can be pounded flat into sheets Physical Properties 

Physical Properties Ductility Can be drawn into wires Eg. Copper, aluminum Solubility How well a substance dissovles into a given amount of another substance Eg. Salt is sluble in water (it dissolves in water) Conductivity Ability to conduce electricity or heat. Copper is a good conductor of electricity. Poor conductor: rubber (insulator) Density How compact or “heavy” something is. Mass per unit of volume of a substance. There is no device to measure density, it can only becalculated.  Physical Properties 

Density is a Physical Property of Matter Density:     Amount of MATTER in a certain volume of a substance.  Density is a quantitative property. Density = Mass / volume Units:       g/ml    or       g/cm3

Calculating Density

Density Calculations 1. A substance weighs 0.56 grams. It has a volume of 3cm3. Calculate the density.

Density Calculations 1. A substance weighs 0.56 grams. It has a volume of 3cm3. Calculate the density.

Density Calculation 2. After each class, Ms. Wilson eats a chocolate bar that weights 12.5 grams. She measures its volume to be 6cm3. Calculate the density of the chocolate bar.

Density Calculation 2. After each class, Ms. Wilson eats a chocolate bar that weights 12.5 grams. She measures its volume to be 6cm3. Calculate the density of the chocolate bar.

Density Calculation 3. A crystal is found that has a volume of 1.5 cm3. If the crystal weighs 4 grams, what is its density?

Density Calculation 3. A crystal is found that has a volume of 1.5 cm3. If the crystal weighs 4 grams, what is its density?

Density Calculation 4. You place a piece of wood in a graduated cylinder. The level of the water in the cylinder moves from 98 mL to 125 mL. a) What is the volume of the piece of wood?

Density Calculation 4. You place a piece of wood in a graduated cylinder. The level of the water in the cylinder moves from 98 mL to 125 mL. a) What is the volume of the piece of wood?

Density Calculation b) If the piece of wood weights 72 grams, what is its density?

Density Calculation b) If the piece of wood weights 72 grams, what is its density?

Density Calculation 5. A graduated cylinder is filled with water to the 55 mL mark. The graduated cylinder with water weights 132 grams. A piece of metal is placed in the water. The water rises to the 105 mL mar. When you re- weigh the cylinder, it now weighs 225 grams. Calculate the density of the metal. 

Density Calculation 5. A graduated cylinder is filled with water to the 55 mL mark. The graduated cylinder with water weights 132 grams. A piece of metal is placed in the water. The water rises to the 105 mL mar. When you re- weigh the cylinder, it now weighs 225 grams. Calculate the density of the metal. 

Density Calculation 5. A graduated cylinder is filled with water to the 55 mL mark. The graduated cylinder with water weights 132 grams. A piece of metal is placed in the water. The water rises to the 105 mL mar. When you re- weigh the cylinder, it now weighs 225 grams. Calculate the density of the metal. 

Density Calculation 6. How does the density of a 250ml cup of water compare to the density of a bathtub containing 55 litres of water?

Matter can be described by its CHEMCIAL PROPERTIES A Chemical Property is the ability of matter to react with another substance to form one or more new substances with different properties. Eg. Combustibility – how easily a substance will burst into flame Eg. Flammability – ability to catch fire at normal temperatures Eg. Reactivity – rate at which a substance will undergo a chemical reaction

Chemical Properties CHEMICAL PROPERTY DEFINITION Flammability Rapid reaction of substance with oxygen  releases ENERGY (burning/ cumbustible) Eg. “burning” gas in car engines Corrosion (Rusting) Slow reaction of metal with oxygen to form metal oxides Eg. Rusting of iron  iron oxide Reacts with Acid Reaction of some metals…often produces gases  Eg. CO2 or H2 gas Chemical Properties 

What is the main difference between Physical and Chemical Properties?

What is the main difference between Physical and Chemical Properties? A physical property is an aspect of matter that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical composition. Eg. color, mass, volume. A chemical property may only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a substance. Eg. Testing reactivity involves seeing what chemical reaction occurs when mixing substances together.

How can you tell if it’s a PHYSICAL or CHEMICAL change?

IN A PHYSICAL CHANGE: the substance retains its original properties Eg. a cut strawberry is still as sweet No new substance is formed The change is usually reversible

Examples of Physical Change: change in shape Dissolving is a physical change: when salt dissolves in water, the crystals disappear but the salty taste of water proves that the salt is still there. The salt can be re-crystallized by evaporating the water. change of state (phase change)

Changing States of Matter

States of Matter

KMT Explains Changing States of Matter 1.     All matter is made of very small particles. 2.     There is empty space between particles. 3.     Particles are constantly moving and interacting with each other.

Examples of Physical Changes

Chemical Change In a Chemical Change (chemical reaction), a new substance is produced. Bonds between atoms within a molecule are created or destroyed (chemical reaction). Often IRREVERSIBLE  (can’t be reversed)

Evidence of a Chemical Change Change colour, Change in odour, gas produced (bubbles),  Energy is given off or absorbed (change in temperature) Precipitate forms Eg. Burnt toast, rotting food, rusting metal

Examples of Chemical Changes

What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change? A physical change in a substance doesn't change what the substance is.  In a chemical change, there is a chemical reaction and a new substance is formed and energy is either given off or absorbed.

Chemical Change POE Element Compound iron sulphur iron sulphide colour silvery grey yellow black is it attracted to a magnet? yes no reaction with hydrochloric acid hydrogen formed no reaction smelly hydrogen sulphide formed

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