Who might these people be? (clue: the year is 1934) The people are prisoners at one of Germany’s first concentration camps. Whilst it is possible some may be Jews, the fact that this photograph was taken in 1934 suggests that most are political “enemies” such as Communists. This is Dachau Concentration Camp, one of the first purpose built camps of its kind. They are here because they are classed as enemies of the state, whether it be for religious, political or other social reasons such as disability or sexuality. Where are they? Why are they here?

The Big Picture: The Nazis in Power Key Vocabulary Chancellor Fuhrer Opposition Resistance Police State Censorship Propaganda Know how the Nazis consolidated their power with methods of control THE NAZIS IN POWER Recap of the overall big picture from lesson 9. How did Hitler become Chancellor then Fuhrer by 1934 . Know why there was opposition and resistance to the Nazi Government

Today’s Lesson Key Vocabulary Concentration Camps Police State Concordat Gestapo Protestant Catholic The SS Nazi methods of control: (1) The police state and use of fear Understand how the Nazis used concentration camps as a form of control and fear Today’s lesson title and objectives. Needs to be recorded by students. Know the roles of the SS and the Gestapo and how they led a police state in Germany . Identify why the church was a threat to Hitler and how he dealt with this

What is a ‘Police State’? A state (and remember ‘State’ means Country) in which the police have *absolute power to arrest and punish anyone who does not follow the ideals/beliefs of the state. In context for us, this means that the SS had absolute power to arrest anyone who did not follow Nazi ideals or beliefs. They could arrest, imprison and punish these people without any explanation or trial. *Absolute Power means that they do not need permission from anyone else (including Hitler) to make any arrest they wanted. Students need to have a definition of ‘Police State’ recorded in their books for revision purposes.

Who ran the Police State in Germany? The Gestapo The SS Under Himmler’s leadership the SS became the main instrument of the police state. They terrorised German people hunting down ‘enemies of the state’. They had unlimited power to arrest without trial and enter peoples houses without warrant. By 1939 162,000 people had been imprisoned without trial. The Gestapo (secret police) supported the work of the SS – and in many cases laid the ground work for their arrests. They were allowed to spy on people and tap phones to hunt down enemies of the state. Informers for the Gestapo were everywhere. On the streets, in the workplace and even in school classrooms. Students do not need to write this information as they will be completing a written exercise about the operation of the Nazi Police State for the writers workshop. Discuss information with students and revisit the slide during the task if needed.

I’m lucky… I got a trial! So what if you were one of the one’s lucky enough to get a trial and not just be imprisoned straight away? Absolutely nothing to get excited about! All law courts and judges were controlled by the Nazis! (Judges had to take an oath of loyalty to Hitler just as the Army did). So a trial was very unlikely to ever work in your favour. Most of those charged and taken to court were found guilty. Being found guilty was often a death sentence. In 1933 the number of crimes punishable by death was just 3. But by 1943 this had increased to 46! Crimes punishable by death included listening to foreign radio stations and telling an anti-Nazi joke! Students do not need to write this information as they will be completing a written exercise about the operation of the Nazi Police State for the writers workshop. Discuss information with students and revisit the slide during the task if needed.

In NO MORE than 100 words explain how the Nazi Police State operated. Skill: Communication TASK: In NO MORE than 100 words explain how the Nazi Police State operated. HISTORY TARGET: Demonstrate understanding of how the Nazis used fear through the SS, Gestapo and Law Courts to control people LITERACY TARGET: Communicate ideas using accurate historical words which are spelt correctly: Absolute Power Police State Gestapo The SS At this stage students write up their thoughts. Please stress the importance of both the History and Literacy targets. They must demonstrate good historical knowledge based on work completed in this lesson, and should include the FOUR key words listed in the literacy target box, ensuring they are used in the correct context and spelt correctly.

Fear and control: The Concentration Camp IMPORTANT!! This is NOT the Holocaust. The term ‘Holocaust’ refers directly to the treatment of the Jews. Whilst some Jews were held in concentration camps during the early years of Hitler’s Dictatorship, these are NOT the death camps and gas chambers associated with the Final Solution . Important – ensure that students understand at this stage that we are not looking at examples from the Holocaust. Although Jews were persecuted from 1933 onwards, the concentration camps that we are looking at today are not the gas chambers or death camps of the final solution. You can point out that some historians do view this as the start of the Holocaust, but many class the true start in 1935 with the Nuremburg laws. Many of the people that were kept prisoner in camps during the early stages were not Jewish.

The features of a concentration camp Early concentration camps were often converted disused factories or warehouses. But as the number of prisoners grew the need for further space arose. From 1933 onwards, before Hitler was even Fuhrer (remember he had emergency powers and the Enabling Act which effectively made him a Dictator even before the death of President Hindenburg) the Nazis started building purpose built concentration camps. The very first of its kind was Dachau – the camp in the picture you saw at the start of the lesson. The purpose of concentration camps was for questioning, torture and ‘re-education’. Conditions were deliberately brutal and unsanitary. Many prisoners died either through a combination of hard labour and malnutrition, or disease such as typhus (a waterborne disease) or pneumonia. Families were rarely notified of an inmates death, or they simply received a brief note stating they had died. The next 4 slides show features of the concentration camps through text and images. Again, there is a task at the end of this information, so read through information carefully with students and study the pictures in detail to ensure they fully understand the workings of early camps such as Dachau.

Soldiers quarters. This was often in a central location where they could oversee the goings on in the camp. Fencing to prevent escape. Sometimes this was electrified. Prisoners were forced to wear uniform. They wore badges to identify the reason for their imprisonment. Although the can’t be seen in this photo, all camps had accommodation blocks where prisoners were kept

Prisoners were identified by badges Prisoners were identified by badges. This identified WHY they were an enemy of the state You will be given a copy op this chart (translated to English) to stick into your book There is an English translated version of this chart that students need to stick into their books.

Accommodation ‘huts’ . Space was limited. Conditions were cramped and sanitary poor. In practice this is how the accommodation worked. The malnutrition of these prisoners is evident.

Were camps an effective form of control? You will be given a template as shown here. Using the information you have about the use of concentration camps, write a report about the use of camps in Nazi Germany. The report proforma for this task is saved in the folder for this lesson. Include: Prisoner identification system Conditions Purpose of the camps Features of the camps

Hitler and the Church Hitler also used fear in his dealings with the church. Hitler disliked the church because it went against the principles of Nazism. The Nazis believed in “survival of the fittest” – the dominance of strong over weak, and racial superiority. Christian beliefs were very different; they believed in forgiveness, respect, tolerance and helping the weak. As far as Hitler was concerned, the church threatened his chances of achieving the ‘Hitler Myth’ – The idea that Nazism was a religion and Hitler was a God.

The Hitler Myth: GOD Symbol Disciples Bible A visual to explain how the Hitler myth worked in principle. GOD Bible

How did Hitler control the churches? Use pages 60 and 61 of the Life in Germany textbook (blue book) to complete your copy of the table below: HINT: When looking at the Protestant church, consider the Confessional church as a problem and the Reich church as a solution. N.B. leave some room in the solutions box to comment on how Hitler dealt with the Confessional church! CHURCH PROBLEM NAZI SOLUTION CATHOLIC PROTESTANT YOU HAVE 15 MINUTES! Students use pages 60 & 61 of the Waugh and Leonard text (blue book) to complete this chart. If possible spend 5 minutes reviewing this just to check students understanding.

Plenary: This can be done through any method you see fit so long as TILT time is built in to the last part of the lesson. Today I learnt that….?