Figure 2 Enteroids can model transport physiology

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Figure 2 Enteroids can model transport physiology Figure 2 | Enteroids can model transport physiology. a | Enteroids generated from healthy individuals swell over time in the presence of forskolin (Fsk), but enteroids generated from patients with cystic fibrosis do not respond to forskolin-induced cAMP. b | Nondifferentiated, or crypt-like, enteroids share many of the same transporters as differentiated, or surface-like enteroids, with the exception of NKCC1. c | To measure sodium absorption via the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3), enteroids are loaded with a pH-sensitive fluorophore to monitor pH changes when exposed to various buffers. In the example shown, incubation in NH4+ buffer will lead to a basic pH and will be represented by the pH-dependent emission of a red fluorophore. Replacement of the buffer with a Na+-free buffer causes a sharp decrease to acidic pH and will be represented by emission of a green fluorophore. The pH is increased to basic levels by incubation in Na+ buffer. The change in pH over time indicates NHE3 activity of the enteroids. In, J. G. et al. (2016) Human mini-guts: new insights into intestinal physiology and host–pathogen interactions Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.142