Steve Crawford, M.Sc Environmental Director 1

Overview and Background Tribal energy mission statement: To be 100% self- sufficient in energy, while safeguarding the Tribes lands, waters, air, human health, and culture. Projects under development: Commercial wind – 50.5 MW wind project on Blueberry farm In-stream tidal power, two-FERC approved sites in Passamaquoddy Bay Half-moon Cove tidal barrage 10 MW project Geothermal project with Passamaquoddy Bay for heat Domestic wind turbines, solar panels 2

Wind power site WINDPOWER SITES Wind power site 3

1 2 TIDAL PROJECT SITES 4

Subsea Aquamedics turbine 5

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RREAL solar heat panels 7

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Sipayik 100 gal. bio-reactor, sewage treatment plant ( 250 ml/4 day) 11

12 Xingfeng Xu and Steve Crawford harvesting algae

13 PASSAMAQUODDY 18FT X 28 FT GREENHOUSE

14 Capillary belt dryer

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ECONOMICS Preliminary Results: 1000 gal bio-reactor will produce approx. 1 gal/wk Demo-600 sq.ft greenhouse will produce 100 gal/yr 8 ft bio-reactor tubes, instead of 4 ft, will produce 400gal/yr/1000 sq. ft Infra-structure cost $40,000 Over 20 yrs, produce 8,000 gal, = $5/gal. THIS IS STUPID!?? 16

ECONOMICS (2) This is stupid rebuttal. Enter the Federal Government. US exploration for oil in 2009 costs $79 billion; global costs were $439 billion Shell oil paid $2.1 billion just for the rights for Arctic leases. US government paid oil and gas industry $36.5 billion in subsidies, equals 1% of oil and gas company revenues. 17

Economics (3) This is stupid, continued. The capital cost of the algae-oil project to the Passamaquoddy Tribe, to produce 100 gal of oil/yr for the next 20 years, is $0.00. operating costs = $100/yr= $1/gal US EPA provides $68 million/yr to federal tribes in IGAP program for environmental departments. $ k per tribe/yr. If DOE/USDA Rural Development/DOI provided a one-time grant of similar size to every tribe, every tribe could produce 100 gal/yr. Those that want it, scale up to 1,000 gal/yr. 18

ECONOMICS (4) This is stupid, continued. Thinking bigger: 1000 sq. ft = 400 gal in 8 ft tubes; 1 acre = 17,000 gal, 1 sq. mi = 10,000,000 gal/yr. (100 ft plus high tubes are being used) Cost guestimate of $1,720,000/acre= $1,2 billion per sq. mile. LAST YEARS SUBSIDIES WOULD PAY FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 30 SQ. MILES OF ALGAE-OIL BIO-REACTORS, PRODUCING 300 MILLION GAL OF OIL/YR 19

ECONOMICS (5) This is stupid, continued. Maybe it isnt so stupid. Carbon-neutral. Exxon-Mobil, arguably the most conservative oil company, is investing $500 million in algae-gasoline project. 100 sq. mi production = 1 Billion gal = 3 days use, 1,000 sq. mi = 2 weeks. Just opened that much area in Alaska last week for new drilling. 20

Costs 18 x 28 x 10 greenhouse: $4, – 4 ft x 1 ft acrylic tubes = $4,000 Air pump=$ 1,500 CO2 supply $500 Plumbing= $3,000 Floor and sill= $600 Extraction process= $4,000 Installation= 40 $800 TOTAL = $17110, rounded up to $20k 21

Summary KEY POINT-SELF SUFFICIENT! Carbon Neutral Waste products, when using Chlorella (42% oil dry-weight) Waste gas = oxygen oil cake is dried chlorella, sold in health food stores for $700/lb Fertilizer can be sewage effluent 22

For the future of us all, lets do it 23