Team 3: Robert Clifford, Patricia Firmin, Gen Liang, Rooma Raza Distillation Theory Team 3: Robert Clifford, Patricia Firmin, Gen Liang, Rooma Raza

The Basics of Distillation

Different Parts of Distillation Condenser Overhead Vapor Overhead Product Reflux Rectifying Section Stripping Section Reboiler Bottoms Product

Possible Feed Conditions

McCabe-Thiele Graphical Method

Minimum Reflux Ratio

Optimal Feed Stage

Shortcut Method Fenske equation-minimum number of trays and split fraction

Tray Number and Reflux Ratio

Stage Efficiency Range from 41% to 88% For close-boiling mixtures, liquid viscosity is low, resulting in high stage efficiency

Distillation Column Sizing Calculate column Diameter by Internal flowrates and design column at 80% of linear flooding velocity. If D> 3m = Parallel columns

Types of Distillation Columns Packed Bed Columns Used more often for absorption and distillation of vapor-liquid mixtures. The liquid flows downward through the packing and the vapor flows upward through the column. Advantages Cost efficient Lower pressure drop Good for thermally sensitive liquids Disadvantages Packing can break during installation

Types of Distillation Columns Tray Column The number of trays or stages is dependent Advantages Cost efficient Can handle high liquid flow rates Disadvantages Higher pressure drops than packed columns Foaming can occur due to agitation

Advanced Distillation Reactive Distillation Extractive Distillation Vacuum Distillation

References Seader, J. D., Ernest J. Henley, and D. Keith. Roper. Separation Process Principles: Chemical and Biochemical Operations. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. "ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT." Distillation Columns. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/SeparationsChemical/Distill ationColumns/DistillationColumns.html. Biegler, L., Grossmann, I., Westerberg , A., 1997, Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design, Prentice Hall. Bravo, Jose L. and James K. Fair. "Distillation Columns." Chemical Engineering Progress     January 1990: 19-29.