Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

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Presentation transcript:

Comparative Vertebrate Physiology Vertebrate nervous systems

CNS organization

Spinal cord White matter Gray matter axons highly organized cell bodies

Spinal cord Somatotopy Ascending and descending tracts

Sensory - motor coordination Sensory input - motor output

Sensory-motor coordination Sensory and motor cortex

Brain development Develops from a hollow, fluid-filled neural tube Divisions prosencephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon

Brain development Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain telencephalon diencephalon Midbrain Hindbrain metencephalon myelencephalon

Brain Location of major structures

Brain evolution Traits increase in cerebrum size cerebellum folded in birds and mammals

Hypothalamus Physiological role - hormone release Thermoregulation (prostaglandins) Renal (ADH) Reproduction (oxytocin, GnRH)

Medulla oblongata Cardiovascular center Respiratory center Signals from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors Respiratory center Signals from stretch receptors

ANS organization

ANS organization Sympathetic Parasympathetic T1 - L2 paravertebral ganglia far from target organ Parasympathetic cranial, S2 - S4 ganglia close to target organ

Effects of divisions Organ Sympathetic stimulation Parasympathetic Heart muscle Gut increase decrease Glands (salivary) slight secretion copious secretion Gastric Sweat none Basal metabolism Eye (pupil) dilation contraction Lungs dilate bronchioles constrict bronchioles

Pharmacology All preganglionic are cholinergic (Ach) Postganglionic neurons of sympathetic are adrenergic (norepinepherine) Postganglionic neurons of parasympathetic are cholinergic (Ach)

Summary

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