How to write a paper?

Progress Report Format About 10 pages 계획 대비 실적 팀 전체 및 개인별 수행 내용 중간 결과물 (시연 포함) 애로 및 건의 사항 향후 계획 (Weekly schedule) Copyright ⓒ All rights reserved.   2018-11-12

Final Report Format About 10 pages 계획 대비 실적 수행 내용 최종 결과물 (시연 포함) 팀 전체 및 개인별 수행 내용 최종 결과물 (시연 포함) 기대효과 및 활용 방안 Copyright ⓒ All rights reserved.   2018-11-12

Papers communicate ideas Your goal: to infect the mind of your reader with your idea, like a virus! The quality of the writing reflects the quality of the research The greatest ideas are (literally) worthless if you keep them to yourself

Good writing Clear Exact Concise No ambiguity, no inconsistency No wooly words Concise Least words Short words A good paper doesn't come out perfect first time for anyone. Go through several revisions before they reach the final product! Bad writing : Words don’t do justice to your ideas Copyright ⓒ All rights reserved.   2018-11-12

Paper writing process Start with an outline of the paper sketching out what's going to go in the introduction etc. Use subtopics and subject sentences to build your outline. Then write a rough draft that includes the main ideas and fleshes out your topic sentences into paragraphs in rough form. Write the first draft as quickly as possible Secret of writing is rewriting Secret of rewriting is re-thinking

Overview of peer review process Paper Submitted Notification to Author Confirmation of Receipt Revise Accept Initial Decision by Editor Revision Received Rejection Decide to Review Revision Checked Assign Reviewers Reviewers Accept Invite Reviews Completed Paper sent to Publisher Revise Accept Reject

Your narrative flow Here is a problem It’s an interesting problem It’s an unsolved problem Here is my idea My idea works (details, data) Here’s how my idea compares to other people’s approaches

Structure Details Section Purpose Length (A4) No of Readers Title Clearly describes contents 1000 Authors Ensures recognition for the writer(s) 100 Abstract Describes what was done 4 sentences Key Words (some journals) Ensures the article is correctly identified in abstracting and indexing services Introduction Background, problem, objective, idea, contribution 1 page Problem Explains the problem 10 Related Work Prior work that has been done 1~2 pages Idea Describes solution Details Methods Evidence Explains how the idea works 3~5 pages 3 Results Describes what was discovered Discussion Discusses the implications of the findings Acknowledgements Ensures those who helped in the research are recognised ½ pages References Appendices (some journals) Provides supplemental data Copyright ⓒ All rights reserved.   2018-11-12

Structure A good paper has a definite structure, makes its point, and does not waste space and time The most difficult part in writing a scientific paper is planning its structure Sections and subsections In the first draft: random order Afterwards: the ideas must be numbered and an order generated Hierarchy of sub-subs Max of 3 for typographical distinction

Title Describes the paper’s content clearly and precisely including keywords Is the advertisement for the article Search engines/indexing databases depend on the accuracy of the title Easier to understand, more impact Max info in least words Do not use abbreviations and jargon

Abstract Abstract is a shortened version of the paper Briefly summarize to have the greatest impact in as few words as possible Many authors write the abstract last so that it accurately reflects the content of the paper Remember, the goal is to get the reader to read the introduction … The reader can decide whether or not to read the whole article

Common problems with abstracts Too long or too short Too much detail Failure to include important information Objective of research Many papers are badly written and hard to understand This is a pity, because their good ideas may go unappreciated

The introduction Background and Motivation Research objective Context / background for the research Problem statement Why is it interesting? Research objective Contribution to the topic  What is new? (novelty) Why is it useful?

Common problems with introductions Too much detail – introductions should never be longer than 1/10 of the research work Poor organization Unclear problem definition

Difference between abstract and introduction Summarize paper Abstracts should be short – should only contain summary information INTRODUCTION Present context or background for paper Introductions are longer – often contain guides to reading paper

Related work Discusses the results and conclusions of previously published studies, to help explain why the study is of interest To set the context for your research To evaluate prior work that has been done in your paper’s research area To show relationship between existing work and your work

Main Body - Presenting the idea Figure out what your idea is Explain it as if you were speaking to someone using a whiteboard Once your reader has the intuition, he can follow the details (but not vice versa) Even if he skips the details, he still takes away something valuable Make certain that the reader is in no doubt what the idea is. Be 100% explicit: “The main idea of this paper is....”

Example Sounds impressive...but Sends readers to sleep 3. The idea Consider a bifircuated semi-lattice D, over a hyper-modulated signature S. Suppose pi is an element of D. Then we know for every such pi there is an epi-modulus j, such that pj < pi. Sounds impressive...but Sends readers to sleep In a paper, you MUST provide the details, but FIRST convey the idea

Methods for explaining unfamiliar concepts Explain important concepts Ask if your readers will know a word or a concept? If not, explain the concept before using Examples Visual Aids Never underestimate the advantages of a good visual aid

EXAMPLES Use examples Introduce the problem, and your idea, using and only then present the general case

Methods Provide the reader enough details so they can understand and replicate your research Explain how you studied the problem, identify the procedures you followed Explain new methodology in detail; otherwise name the method and cite the previously published work

Results Do not present the raw data that you collected, but rather summarize the data with text, tables and/or figures. Do not include the same data in both a table and a figure You must refer in the text to each figure or table Be precise in describing measurements Include errors of measurement or research design limits Include the frequency of observations, what types of data were recorded, etc.

Discussion Describe what your results mean Explain why they differ from what other workers have found.  Indicate how the results relate to expectations Explain how the research has moved the body of scientific knowledge forward

Conclusions and further work Be brief Do not extend your conclusions beyond what is directly supported by your results - avoid undue speculation Outline the next steps for further study

References Whenever you draw upon previously published work, you must acknowledge the source Any information not from your experiment and not ‘common knowledge’ should be recognized by a citation How references are presented varies considerably - refer to notes for authors for the specific journal Avoid references that are difficult to find Avoid listing related references that were not important to the study

Example – IEEE Trans. P. Bellavista, G. Cardone, A. Corradi and L. Foschini, "Convergence of MANET and WSN in IoT urban scenarios", IEEE Sens. J., vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 3558-3567, Oct. 2013, IEEE. A. Laya, V. I. Bratu and J. Markendahl, "Who is investing in machine-to-machine communications?", Proc. 24th Eur. Reg. ITS Conf., pp. 20-23. R. T Fielding, Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures, pp. 76-85, Univ. California. Z. Shelby, K. Hartke, C. Bormann and B. Frank, "Constrained application protocol (CoAP)", draft-ietf-core-coap-18 (work in progress), [online] Available: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-coap-18. "IEEE Standard 802.15.4b", IEEE 802.15 WPAN Task Group 4e (TG4e), 2014. Copyright ⓒ All rights reserved.   2018-11-12

Example Copyright ⓒ All rights reserved.   2018-11-12