Bell Ringer: 11/21/17 Objective: Explain that mutations occur during DNA replication or transcription and may be random or a result of environmental agents.

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Bell Ringer: 11/21/17 Objective: Explain that mutations occur during DNA replication or transcription and may be random or a result of environmental agents. Question: Bell Ringer #6. Hand in when finished.

Protein Synthesis Practice Together then individual

changes in the sequence of DNA Mutations changes in the sequence of DNA

Locations: Mutation in Reproductive Cells 1. Sperm and/or eggs 2. Passed to the next generation

Location: Somatic (Body) Cell Mutation 1. Any cell other than egg or sperm cells 2. May/may not cause problems for the individual with the mutation 3. All cells that come from the mutated cell will have the mutation  may cause cancer 4. Will NOT be passed onto their offspring

Mutation Type: Nitrogen Base Point Mutation – change in one nitrogen base Original DNA – TCGATTTGA Changed DNA – TCGATATGA

Example of Point Mutations

Mutation Type: Nitrogen Base Frameshift Mutation – single nitrogen base is added or deleted; results in a shift in the codon reading frame Original DNA – TCGATTTGA Addition – TCGAGTTTGA Deletion – TCGTTTGA

Mutation Type: Chromosomal Mutations Original Chromosome – ABCDEFGHIJ (letter = gene) Deletion  ABCEFGHIJ **One or more genes is/are deleted

Chromosomal Deletion

Mutation Type: Chromosomal Mutations Original Chromosome – ABCDEFGHIJ Inversion  ABCFEDGHIJ ***Set of genes are flipped/inverted

Chromosomal Inversion

Mutation Type: Chromosomal Mutations Original Chromosome – ABCDEFGHIJ Insertion  ABCDCDEFGHIJ ***One or more genes are re-inserted & appear more than one time ***Inserted genes may come from any chromosome

Chromosomal Insertion

Mutation Type: Chromosomal Mutations Original Chromosome – ABCDEFGHIJ Translocation  ABCDHIJ & ABCDEFGHIJEFG **One or more genes are moved from one chromosome to another chromosome; they exchange places

Chromosomal Translocation

Possible Causes of Mutations A. X-rays/exposure to radioactivity B. Exposure to UV (ultraviolet) light C. Exposure to harmful chemicals (mutagens) D. Unhealthy lifestyle  smoking, drugs, etc.

Mutation Mini Lab Use codon chart and notes to complete. Ask if you need help.

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