Intermolecular Forces Notes

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Presentation transcript:

Intermolecular Forces Notes

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces: attraction between molecules Much weaker than chemical bonds

Strength of Forces STRONGEST Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds (400 kcal) Hydrogen Bonding (12-16 kcal) Dipole-Dipole Interactions (0.5-2 kcal) London Dispersion Forces (<1 kcal) WEAKEST kcal = kilocalorie (unit of energy stored in chemical bonds)

Dipole Dipole-dipole: Attraction between polar molecules The squiggly symbol means a partial charge.

An Analogy Dipole-dipole attraction - - - - - - - The two couples are very happy with each other, but the guy is attracted to the other girl.

Hydrogen Hydrogen Bonding: Stronger type of dipole-dipole interaction Occurs only between molecules with lone pairs on center atom AND hydrogen bonded to F, O, or N Hydrogen bonding is FON!

London-Dispersion Forces Weakest type of intermolecular interaction Occurs between ALL molecules near one another!

Intermolecular Forces Is the molecule polar? Yes No Does the molecule have lone pairs on the center atom, with H bonded to F, O, or N? London Dispersion Forces Yes No London Dispersion Forces Dipole-dipole Hydrogen bonding London Dispersion Forces Dipole-dipole

Intermolecular Forces Examples Cl2 The molecule is nonpolar. This molecule has London Dispersion Forces.

Intermolecular Forces Examples CH3I The molecule is polar. The central atom does not have lone pairs, and H is not bonded to F, O, or N. The molecule has London and Dipole-dipole forces.

Intermolecular Forces Examples CH2O The molecule is polar. The central atom does not have lone pairs, and H is not bonded to F, O, or N. The molecule has London and Dipole-dipole forces.

Intermolecular Forces Examples The molecule is polar. The central atom has a lone pair, but does not have H bonded to F, O, or N. The molecule has London and Dipole-dipole forces.

Intermolecular Forces Examples PF3 The molecule is polar. The central atom has a lone pair, but does not have H bonded to F, O, or N. The molecule has London and Dipole-dipole forces.

Intermolecular Forces Examples NH4+ The molecule is nonpolar… So even though H is bonded to N… This molecule has only London Dispersion forces.

Intermolecular Forces Examples H2O The molecule is polar. There is a lone pair. Hydrogen is bonded to F, O, or N. This molecule has London, Dipole-Dipole forces AND hydrogen bonding.

Boiling Point The strength of the intermolecular forces determines the boiling point of a compound. The stronger the intermolecular force, the higher the boiling point.