3.7: Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

MOLECULAR SHAPE HOW DOES SHAPE AND POLARITY DETERMINE FUNCTION AND PROPERTIES OF MOLECULES?

Advertisements

Polar Molecules H F electron rich region electron poor region d+ d-

NELSON CHEMISTRY 12 SECTION 4.4 POLARITY What is the name of 007’s Inuit cousin? Polar Bond.

Sections 3.3 & 3.4 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Polarity of Bonds Molecular Polarity. Equal Pull on Electrons If there is no difference in the electronegativity of the atoms forming a covalent bond,

Molecular Compounds Unit 7. Covalent Bonds Sharing pairs of electrons Sharing pairs of electrons Covalent bonds are the intra-molecular attraction resulting.

Molecular Polarity AP Chemistry.

Polar vs. Non Polar Molecules. Covalent/Molecular Compounds All molecular compounds are either polar or nonpolar.

3.3 Polar bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar Bonds Polar covalent bonds have 0 < ∆En < 1.7 ∆En = 0Pure covalent 0 < ∆En < 0.4Slightly polar 0.5 < ∆En

 Electronegativity Electronegativity  Polarity of Bonds Polarity of Bonds  Dipole Moment Dipole Moment  Dipole Moment of Polar Covalent Bond Dipole.

Molecular Polarity Boiling point = 100 ˚C Boiling point = -161 ˚C

Predicting Molecular Polarity  When there are no polar bonds in a molecule, there is no permanent charge difference between one part of the molecule and.

1 Electronegativity? The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself. The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared.

Polar Bears and Penguins Making Sense page 135. Unit 2 Investigation IV The ability of an atom to attract electrons shared between two atoms is called.

Section 12.1 Characteristics of Chemical Bonds 1.To learn about ionic and covalent bonds and explain how they are formed 2.To learn about the polar covalent.

Covalent Bonding Chapter 6 Section 1. Covalent Bonds Ionic bond – transfer of e- Ionic bond – transfer of e- Covalent bond – a bond formed when atoms.

Polar Bonds and Molecules Chapter 8.4. Learning Objectives Be able to use electronegativity to identify polar vs. non-polar covalent bond Draw correct.

Bond Polarity. Electronegativity Trend Page 161 in textbook.

Section 12.1 Characteristics of Chemical Bonds 1.To understand the nature of bonds and their relationship to electronegativity 2.To understand bond polarity.

C. Johannesson III. Molecular Polarity (p. 183) Ch. 6 – Molecular Structure.

Chemistry Brodersen 2013/2014. Polarity in a molecules determines whether or not electrons in that molecule are shared equally. When determining the polarity.

Polar Bonds and Molecules (8.4) Bond Polarity Bond polarity has to do with unequal distribution of shared electrons This causes one end of the bond to.

Section 12.1 Characteristics of Chemical Bonds 1.To understand why atoms form bonds 2.To learn about ionic and covalent bonds and explain how they are.

Electronegativity. Ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond Electronegativity.

Bond Polarity & Molecular Polarity.  Occur when there is equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.  Form between:  Two identical nonmetal atoms.

Ionic & Covalent Bonding Electronegativity & Polarity.

Living By Chemistry SECOND EDITION Unit 2: SMELLS Molecular Structure and Properties.

1.10 The Shapes of Some Simple Molecules. tetrahedral geometry H—C—H angle = 109.5° Methane.

1.10 The Shapes of Some Simple Molecules. MethaneMethane tetrahedral geometry H—C—H angle = 109.5°

Molecular Compounds Polarity.

6.7 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity

Formal Charges Dr Seemal Jelani 4/19/

Molecular Polarity AP Chemistry.

Polar Bonds and Molecules Chapter 8.4

Bond Polarity When two different atoms bond covalently, there is an unequal sharing the more electronegative atom will have a stronger attraction, and.

Chemistry of life.

3.3 Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules

4.3 Electronegativity and Polarity 4.5 Molecular Polarity

Bonding Ionic Covalent 8.4 Bond Polarity Polar Nonpolar.

Bond Polarity and Molecular Geometry

Chapter 10 Molecular Structure: Liquids and Solids

III. Molecular Polarity (p. 183)

Polar vs. Non-Polar Molecules

Polarity and Intermolecular Forces

Aim: What are polar bonds and polar molecules?

Section 5.4—Polarity of Molecules

Electronegativity and Polarity

Electronegativity and Polarity

Polar and Nonpolar Cl H -Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to pull or attract electrons shared between two atoms -An atom.

Molecular Polarity Chemistry.

Electronegativity and Polarity

III. Molecular Polarity (p. 183)

Electronegativity -Electronegativity increases from left to right and increases from top to bottom.

Bonding & Polarity SCH3U/4C Ms Richardson.

Introduction to Covalent Compounds

III. Molecular Polarity

3.3 Polar Covalent Bonds Ch. 3 Test: Monday, Sep. 23 & Polar Molecules.

Recall: Electronegativity

Structure & Properties of Matter

AP Chem Take out HW to be checked Today: Molecular Shapes Cont; IMFs

Materials Science Lesson 6.

Chapter 6 -1 Bond Polarity (p. 198 – 201)

Covalent Bonds Chapter 6.

2.1 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

Electronegativity and Polarity

V. Molecular Polarity (p. 183)

III. Molecular Polarity (p. 183)

Bonding: General Concepts

Electronegativity and Polarity

Presentation transcript:

3.7: Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity 5

Electronegativity Electronegativity is a measure of an element to attract electrons toward itself when bonded to another element. An electronegative element attracts electrons. An electropositive element releases electrons. 2

Pauling Electronegativity Scale Electronegativity increases from left to right in the periodic table. Electronegativity decreases going down a group. 5

Generalization The greater the difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms; the more polar the bond. F : .. H—H : N nonpolar bonds connect atoms of the same electronegativity 7

Generalization The greater the difference in electronegativity between two bonded atoms; the more polar the bond. O .. H d+ d- d- d+ d- F : .. H d+ d- : O C O : .. .. polar bonds connect atoms of different electronegativity 7

3.7 Molecular Dipole Moments 1

(expressed in Debye units) Dipole Moment A substance possesses a dipole moment if its centers of positive and negative charge do not coincide. m = e x d (expressed in Debye units) + — not polar 17

(expressed in Debye units) Dipole Moment A substance possesses a dipole moment if its centers of positive and negative charge do not coincide. m = e x d (expressed in Debye units) — + polar 17

Molecular Dipole Moments molecule must have polar bonds necessary, but not sufficient need to know molecular shape because individual bond dipoles can cancel 18

Molecular Dipole Moments Carbon dioxide has no dipole moment; m = 0 D 18

Comparison of Dipole Moments Carbon tetrachloride Dichloromethane m = 0 D m = 1.62 D 20

Carbon tetrachloride m = 0 D Resultant of these two bond dipoles is Resultant of these two bond dipoles is m = 0 D Carbon tetrachloride has no dipole moment because all of the individual bond dipoles cancel. 20

Dichloromethane Resultant of these two bond dipoles is Resultant of these two bond dipoles is m = 1.62 D The individual bond dipoles do not cancel in dichloromethane; it has a dipole moment. 20