The United States in WWII

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Presentation transcript:

The United States in WWII

Review from 10th Grade!

1933-39: Aggression goes unchecked

I. American Isolationism 1920s: Let peace and prosperity “Roar”! WWI: deadly, expensive mistake (Nye Committee) Early/Mid 1930s: From “Bad Neighbor” to “Good Neighbor” Mid/Late 1930s: Majority of Americans opposed US intervention at beginning of war Economic sanctions? Neutrality Acts: ‘35, ‘36, ‘37 Can’t sail on belligerent ships No loans, no arms sales FDR wanted to aid democracies of Europe: 1939 “Cash-and-carry” Many Americans upset: “You’ll push us into war!” Debate most heated after fall of France

“America First Committee” Charles Lindbergh - outspoken critic Fight the USSR, not Germany!

II. America’s Steps Toward War Reports from London blitz about Germans bombing innocent civilians G, I, & J form alliance: Axis Powers Peacetime draft FDR sends destroyers to GB without consent of Congress Election of 1940 = economy improving? War? = FDR. Four Freedoms Lend-Lease: “Great Arsenal for Democracy” (# 1776 in Congress) Atlantic Charter U-Boats…war w/ Germany seemed inevitable $40 billion in aid to Allies “Economic declaration of war”

Dec. 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=235420

III. The Home Front Total War War Production Board Ford Motor Company: B-24 Liberator bombers “Liberty Ships”: 14 days 1944: U.S. production levels = 2X Axis put together Transport? German Wolfpacks Radar, long-range aerial bombers turn tide in North Atlantic

16 million Americans served in military 1941-1942: Enlistment: 16 million Americans served in military 1941-1942: Army 1.4 --> 3 million Navy: 300,000 --> 600,000 Marines: 54,000 --> 150,000 Minorities enlist 25,000 Native Americans 300,000 Mexican Americans 1 million African Americans “Double V” campaign “We loyal Negro American citizens demand the right to work and fight for our country”

“You tell me that Hitler Is a mighty bad man. I guess he took lessons From the Ku Klux Klan.” - Langston Hughes, qtd. in the The Fight of the Century

Women in the War “WAC” 1943: clerical workers, truck drivers, instructors, lab techs 150,000 women volunteered Story of the WAVES 15,000 served abroad 600 medals for service 57,000 nurses in Army Nurse Corps 3/4 working women = married (usually quit job once married)

Challenges to Civil Liberties Executive Order 9066: certain areas are war zones, anyone could be removed for any reason 100,000 Japanese Americans evacuated on West Coast 1944: Korematsu v. U.S.: Supreme Court upholds gov’t internment policy (1988 official apology)

Wartime Economy HUGE deficit spending gets us out of Great Depression $330 billion (2X all federal expenditures since founding of nation!) National debt: $42 bill. --> $269 billion War bonds

IV. Legacy of the War Lessons of WWI: Power vacuum: US, USSR Unconditional surrender United Nations Power vacuum: US, USSR Total War = Civilian War 300,000 Americans dead, 800,000 wounded $330 billion (10X WWI) The Atomic Age begins…